About the Contributors xv
Acknowledgments xxi
Preface xxiii
Section 1: Political Campaign Communication In the 2024 Presidential Campaign 1
Chapter 1: Setting the Stage for 2024: A Tale of Three Incumbencies 3
Craig Allen Smith Copyrighted Material
Presumption and Incumbency 4
Incumbency in 2024 6
Biden: The Actual Incumbent 7
Trump: The Challenging Incumbent 12
Harris: The Heir Incumbent 16
Conclusions 26
End Notes 28
Chapter 2: Getting on Stage: Surfacing for 2024 35
Craig Allen Smith
Surfacing in the Early Years 36
Surfacing Since the 1970s: Binding Primaries 38
The Surfacing Landscape Evolves: 1972 versus 2024 41
Trent's Theory of Surfacing 43
Establishing Expectations of Candidates 44
Determining Front Runners or Serious Contenders 44
Important Issues or Themes Emerge 45
Surfacing Metrics 46
The Aspiring Democrats 48
The Aspiring Republicans 51
The Trump Critics 52
The Newbies 52
The Contenders 53
The Republican Debates 55
The First Republican Debate 56
The Second Republican Debate 59
The Final Three Debates 60
Summary 61
Issue Surfacing for 2024 62
Conclusions 63
End Notes 65
Chapter 3: The 2024 Political Party Conventions: Contexts, Rhetoric, and Curiosities 71
Theodore F. Sheckels
The Death of a Genre 73
Media Reversal 77
Agenda 79
The Republicans 80
The Democrats 82
Late Twists 85
Curiosities 87
Republicans 87
Democrats 88
Both Parties 89
The Vice- Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speeches 89
The Candidates' Families 90
The Music 91
Conclusion 92
End Notes 96
Chapter 4: Presidential Debates 2024 101
Benjamin Voth
Presidential Debates and Election 2020 102
CNN 2023 Town Hall with Trump 104
Republican Presidential Primary Debates 2024 105
The Critical June 27th Debate 107
The Harris and Trump Debate 111
October 1st Vice- Presidential Debate 114
Did the Debates Matter for the Result of the Election? 115
The Future of Presidential Debates in 2028 116
End Notes 119
Chapter 5: Televised Political Advertising in the 2024
Presidential Election 125
Scott W. Dunn and John C. Tedesco
Advertising and Spending 128
Harris and Democratic Ads 132
Biden Ads 132
Harris Ads 134
Contrasts between Trump and Harris 134
Issue Ads: Abortion and the Economy 136
Ads from Outside Groups/Super PACs 138
Trump and Republican Ads 139
Comparisons between Trump and Harris and Harris and Biden 140
Issue Ads: Immigration, Inflation, and Taxation 142
Ads from Outside Groups/Super PACs 144
Conclusion 148
End Notes 149
Chapter 6: The 2024 Presidential Media Campaign 157
Dan Schill and John Allen Hendricks
The 2024 Media and Politics Ecosystem 162
Digital and Social Media Platforms 167
X/Twitter 170
Facebook and Threads 171
YouTube 171
TikTok 172
Podcasts 173
Snapchat 175
The Influence of Celebrities, Influencers, and Pop Culture 175
Communication Technology, Misinformation, and Artificial Intelligence 178
The 2024 Kamala Harris Social Media Campaign 181
X 183
Facebook, Instagram, and Threads 184
Snapchat 185
YouTube 186
TikTok 187
Podcasts 187
Traditional Media 190
The 2024 Donald Trump Social Media Campaign 192
Truth Social 198
Facebook 199
TikTok 200
Podcasts 201
Conclusion 202
End Notes 203
Chapter 7: From Party Conventions to Election Day: Campaign 2024 in Editorial Cartoons 219
Natalia Mielczarek
Editorial Cartoons and American Politics 221
Cartoon Dataset, Themes, and Visual Rhetoric 224
Visual Themes in Campaign 2024 at a Glance 225
Visual Construction of the "Evil, Hateful and Dangerous Donald Trump" Theme 227
Visual Construction of the "Dumb, Harmful and Indecisive Kamala Harris" Theme 233
Visual Construction of Four Episodic Themes 237
"Excitement over Kamala Harris's Candidacy" Theme 237
"JD Vance as a Dangerous VP Choice" Theme 239
"Joe Biden Pushed Out of the Presidential Race" 241
"Tim Walz as a Weak VP Pick" 243
Visual Rhetoric, Narrative Arcs, and Campaign 2024 245
Falling Action, Election Day, and Resolution 248
End Notes 250
Section 2: Studies of Communication in The 2024 Presidential Campaign 255
Chapter 8: Impact of Crisis on Candidate Branding in the 2024 Presidential Election 257
Lisa M. Burns and Hilary Fussell Sisco
Political Branding 258
Crisis Management and Rebranding 263
Campaign Chaos 265
Impact of Crisis on Harris Brand 268
Impact of Crisis on Trump's Brand 274
Conclusion 279
End Notes 281
Chapter 9: AI- Generated Imagery in the 2024 Presidential Election: Misinformation, Disinformation, and Potential to Foster Positive Engagement in Future Elections 291
Bingbing Zhang and David D. Perlmutter
Definition of AI- Generated Imagery 293
The Role of AI- Generated Imagery in Presidential Elections: An Overview 294
Impact of AI- Generated Imagery on Voters' Perceptions 295
Ways to Combat AI- Generated Misinformation/Disinformation 296
"It's Not All Bad": Broader Context and Future Prospects for Research and Practice 297
Conclusion 299
End Notes 300
Chapter 10: The Tangled Webs They Weave: An Exploration of Interorganizational Connections in the Most Unprecedented Presidential Campaign in History 307
Michele Rees Edwards
An Unprecedented Campaign 309
Interorganizational Communication Theory 311
Organizations Involved in a Presidential Election 313
Governmental Organizations 314
Governmental Organizations with Legally Defined Roles in Campaigns and Elections 314
Governmental Organizations That Are Headed by Presidential Appointees 315
Nongovernmental Organizations 316
For-Profit Organizations with Connections to Politics 318
Interorganizational Connections in the 2024 Presidential Campaign 319
Connections Involving Media 319
Connections Involving the Two Assassination Attempts 323
July 13, 2024 323
September 15, 2024 325
Connections Involving Former Democrats Who Endorsed Trump 327
Conclusion 331
End Notes 332
Chapter 11: Saturday Night Live and Political Humor as Argument in Presidential Campaign 2024 337
Benjamin Voth
The History of SNL 340
SNL in Election 2024 344
The Al Smith Dinner on October 17, 2024 345
The Comic Conclusion of Presidential Election 2024 346
End Notes 348
Chapter 12: Campaign Finance and Its Impact on the
2024 Presidential Campaign 351
Cayce Myers
Campaign Finances and Their Impact on Presidential Elections 354
Democratic Fundraising Pre- Convention: From Biden to Harris 360
Pre- general Republican Fundraising: A Trump Resurgence 363
Trump versus Harris: Campaign Fundraising Post- Convention 366
Does Money Matter in Campaigns? Three Lessons from Election 2024 370
End Notes 371
Index 375
