Produktbild: Renewables-Based Technology

Renewables-Based Technology Sustainability Assessment

Fr. 229.00

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

12.05.2006

Herausgeber

Jo Dewulf + weitere

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

368

Maße (L/B/H)

25.2/17.4/2.9 cm

Gewicht

798 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-470-02241-2

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

12.05.2006

Herausgeber

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

368

Maße (L/B/H)

25.2/17.4/2.9 cm

Gewicht

798 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-470-02241-2

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  • Produktbild: Renewables-Based Technology
  • Contributors xv

    Foreword xvii

    Series Preface xix

    Preface xxi

    List of Abbreviations xxiii

    Part I Renewables as a Resource and Sustainability Performance Indicators 1

    1 The Contribution of Renewables to Society 3
    Göran Berndes

    1.1 Introduction 3

    1.2 Historic and Present Biomass Uses for Food, Energy and Materials in the World 6

    1.3 Potential Availability of Agricultural Residues and Land for Non-Food Crop Production 8

    1.4 Drivers Behind Increasing Demand for Biomass for Energy and Materials 10

    1.5 Land Use Competition 12

    1.6 Multifunctional Biomass Production Systems 14

    1.7 Summary 16

    2 The Potential of Renewables as a Feedstock for Chemistry and Energy 19
    Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark, Martin K. Patel, André P. C. Faaij and Monique M. Hoogwijk

    2.1 Introduction 19

    2.2 Supply of Energy and Materials Using Renewables 21

    2.3 Demand for Energy and Materials 31

    2.4 Summary 34

    3 Sustainability Performance Indicators 39
    Alexei Lapkin

    3.1 Introduction 39

    3.2 The Hierarchy of Sustainability Metrics 40

    3.3 Aspects of Methodology 42

    3.4 Examples of Sustainability Metrics for Technology Assessment 46

    3.5 Summary 51

    Part II Relevant Assessment Tools 55

    4 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis Applied to Renewable Resources 57
    Niels Jungbluth and Rolf Frischknecht

    4.1 Introduction 57

    4.2 Conceptual Background to LCA in ISO 14040ff 58

    4.3 Goal and Scope Definition 59

    4.4 Inventory Analysis 59

    4.5 LCI Data Documentation and Exchange Format 68

    4.6 Consequential versus Attributional LCI 69

    4.7 Summary 70

    5 Net Energy Balancing and Fuel-Cycle Analysis 73
    Hosein Shapouri, Michael Wang and James A. Duffield

    5.1 Introduction 73

    5.2 Methodology 75

    5.3 Energy Balance of Fossil Fuel versus Biofuel 79

    5.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Corn Ethanol Production 83

    5.5 Summary 84

    6 Life Cycle Assessment as an Environmental Sustainability Tool 87
    Adisa Azapagic

    6.1 Introduction 87

    6.2 The LCA Methodology: A Brief Overview 88

    6.3 LCIA Impact Categories as Indicators of Environmental Sustainability 93

    6.4 Using LCA to Assess Environmental Sustainability 105

    6.5 Summary 108

    7 Exergy 111
    Jo Dewulf and Herman Van Langenhove

    7.1 Introduction 111

    7.2 Assessment of Sustainability of Technology: Developing Metrics 113

    7.3 A Thermodynamic Basis for Developing Sustainability Assessment Metrics: Exergy 114

    7.4 Technology Assessment by Exergy Analysis 116

    7.5 Exergy-Based Indicators: How to Assess the Role of Renewables 117

    7.6 Exergy-based Indicators: Integrating the Role of Renewables in an Overall Physical Chemical Sustainability Assessment 122

    7.7 Summary 123

    8 Material Flow Analysis and the Use of Renewables from a Systems Perspective 127
    Stefan Bringezu

    8.1 Introduction 127

    8.2 Overview of the Methodology 128

    8.3 Examples of MFA Studies in the Context of Renewables 130

    8.4 Summary 139

    9 Ecological Footprints and Biocapacity: Essential Elements in Sustainability Assessment 143
    William E. Rees

    9.1 Introduction 143

    9.2 Eco-Footprint Analysis 144

    9.3 Inherent Strengths in EFA 150

    9.5 Summary 155

    10 The Sustainable Process Index (SPI) 159
    Michael Narodoslawsky and Anneliese Niederl

    10.1 Introduction 159

    10.2 Computation of the SPI 162

    10.3 Case Study: Biodiesel from Used Vegetable Oil 168

    10.4 Summary 170

    Part III Case Studies 173

    11 Assessment of Sustainable Land Use in Producing Biomass 175
    Helmut Haberl and Karl-Heinz Erb

    11.1 Introduction 175

    11.2 Sustainability Issues Involved in Promoting Biomass Energy 177

    11.3 Recommendations 186

    11.4 Summary 187

    12 Assessment of the Forest Products Industries 193
    Klaus Richter, Frank Werner and Hans-Jörg Althaus

    12.1 Introduction 193

    12.2 Metrics and Criteria to Assess the Sustainability of Forestry 195

    12.3 Metrics and Criteria for Assessing the Sustainability of the Wood Industry 198

    12.4 Scope for Action 205

    12.5 Summary 205

    13 Assessment of the Energy Production Industry: Modern Options for Producing Secondary Energy
    Carriers from Biomass 209
    André Faaij

    13.1 Introduction 209

    13.2 Technology Overview 210

    13.3 Economics of Biomass Energy Systems 224

    13.4 Heat, Power and Fuels from Biomass: Key Markets 225

    13.5 Summary 227

    14 Assessment of Biofuels 231
    James A. Duffield, Hosein Shapouri and Michael Wang

    14.1 Introduction 231

    14.2 Background 231

    14.3 Biofuel Feedstocks 232

    14.4 Bio-Transportation Fuels and Fuel Additives 234

    14.5 Current Supply of Biofuels 235

    14.6 Future Supply of Biofuels 236

    14.7 Measuring the Sustainability of Biofuels 238

    14.8 Summary 243

    15 Assessment of Organic Waste Treatment 247
    Jan-Olov Sundqvist

    15.1 Introduction 247

    15.2 General Description of Options for Organic Waste Treatment 247

    15.3 Environmental Characteristics of Organic Waste Treatment 249

    15.4 Results of a Life Cycle Assessment of Organic Waste 250

    15.5 Discussion 262

    15.6 Summary 262

    16 Oleochemical and Petrochemical Surfactants: An Overall Assessment 265
    Erwan Saouter, Gert Van Hoof, Mark Stalmans and Alan Brunskill

    16.1 Introduction 265

    16.2 Main Chemical and Structural Differences 267

    16.3 Resource and Usage 268

    16.4 Environmental Profile 270

    16.5 Sustainability Aspects of Oleochemical Production 276

    16.6 Summary 278

    17 Assessment of Bio-Based Packaging Materials 281
    Andreas Detzel, Martina Krüger and Axel Ostermayer

    17.1 Introduction 281

    17.2 Environmental Aspects of Polymer Production 283

    17.3 Environmental Aspects of Packaging Disposal 287

    17.4 Summary 295

    18 Assessment of Biotechnology-Based Chemicals 299
    Peter Saling and Andreas Kicherer

    18.1 Introduction 299

    18.2 Explanation: What is Eco-Efficiency Analysis? 300

    18.3 Evaluation of Decision-making Processes with Eco-Efficiency Analysis 307

    18.4 Case Studies 308

    18.5 Summary 311

    19 Assessment of Bio-Based Pharmaceuticals: The Cephalexin Case 315
    Alle Bruggink and Peter Nossin

    19.1 Introduction 315

    19.2 Assessment Methods During Process Development and Technology Transfers 316

    19.3 Assessment of Bio-Based Routes to Cephalexin 322

    19.4 Summary 328

    Part IV Conclusions 331

    20 Conclusions 333
    Jo Dewulf and Herman Van Langenhove

    20.1 Introduction 333

    20.2 The Available Sustainability Metrics 334

    20.3 Where Are We Going in Assessing Renewables-Based Technology? 336

    Reference 337

    Index 339