Contributors List ix
Part 1 History and Development of Transfusion Medicine 1
1 From Blood Transfusion to Transfusion Medicine 3
Alice Maniatis
Part 2 Allogeneic Blood Usage-Risks and Benefits 9
2 Allogeneic Blood Components 11
Rebecca Cardigan & Sheila MacLennan
3 Current Information on the Infectious Risks of Allogeneic Blood Transfusion 21
Alan D. Kitchen & John A. J. Barbara
4 Immunological Complications of Blood Transfusion 31
Clare Taylor Cristina Navarrete & Marcela Contreras
5 Immunomodulation and Allogeneic Blood Transfusion 47
Marloes Waanders Leo Van De Watering & Anneke Brand
6 Pathogen Inactivation of Blood Components 60
Chris Prowse
7 The Benefits of Allogeneic Erythrocyte Transfusion: What Evidence Do We Have? 68
Neil Soni & Benjamin Thomas
Part 3 Volume Replacement 83
Section 1 Plasma and Albumin 85
8 Plasma and Albumin 87
Philippe L. Baele
Section 2 Crystalloids and Synthetic Colloids 109
9 Pharmacology of Intravenous Fluids 111
Michael F.M. James
10 Crystalloids versus Colloids: The Controversy 119
Hengo Haljamäe
11 Effects of Synthetic Colloids on Hemostasis 137
Sibylle A. Kozek-Langenecker & Gisela Scharbert
12 Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Dysfunction 150
Laurent Jacob Nicholas Heming & Bertrand Guidet
13 Choice of a Synthetic Colloid for Surgery 158
Joachim Boldt
14 Choice of Colloid for Intensive Care Patients 168
Yasser Sakr & Yalcin Inel
15 Hypertonic Saline Solutions for the Initial Treatment of Patients with Traumatic Injuries 179
Charles E. Wade & Michael A. Dubick
16 Hyperchloremic Acidosis 194
Edward Burdett & Andre Vercueil
Part 4 Tolerance of Anemia 203
17 Basic Principles of Oxygen Transport and Calculations 205
Jean-Louis Vincent Pongdhep Theerawit & Davide Simion
18 Assessment of Tissue Oxygenation 210
Michael Piagnerelli Ann Dierick & Philippe Van der Linden
19 Tissue Oxygenation and Blood Transfusion 218
Stefan Suttner & Joachim Boldt
20 Anemia and Cardiovascular Disease 229
Antonis S. Manolis Spyridon Koulouris Kostas Triantafyllou Dimitris Sakellariou Sokratis Pastromas & Helen Melita
Part 5 Perioperative Hemostasis 253
21 Monitoring of Hemostasis in the Perioperative Setting 255
Sibylle A. Kozek-Langenecker & Eva Schaden
22 Antifibrinolytics in Open-Heart Surgery 267
Wulf Dietrich
23 Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Activated Factor VII to Control Bleeding in Nonhemophiliac Patients 278
Jean-François Hardy Sylvain Bélisle & Philippe Van der Linden
Part 6 Transfusion Triggers 293
24 Role of Hemoglobin/Hematocrit 295
Kristine J. Guleserian Hae W. Kim Bruce Pearce Arkadiy Pitman & A. Gerson Greenburg
25 Calculation of Blood Loss 303
Mark E. Brecher
26 Management of Massive Transfusion 313
Jean-François Hardy & Marc Samama
Part 7 Alternatives to Allogeneic Blood Transfusion 329 Section 1 Pharmaceutical Approaches 331
27 Iron Deficiency: Causes Diagnosis and Management 335
Manuel Muñoz José Antonio García-Erce & Elvira Bisbe
28 Current Status of Perisurgical Erythropoietin Therapy 350
Lawrence T. Goodnough
29 Erythropoietin and Iron Therapy in Patients with Renal Failure 357
Lucia Del Vecchio & Francesco Locatelli
30 Hemoglobin-based Blood Substitutes 368
G. Deby-Dupont Bernadette Remy & Maurice Lamy
31 Perfluorocarbon Emulsions 380
Pedro Cabrales
Section 2 Surgical Techniques 389
32 Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Impact on Blood Loss and Transfusion 391
He Tao & Fraser Rubens
33 Adjunctive Strategies to Impact Blood Transfusion in Cardiac Surgery 408
L. Ressler & Fraser Rubens
Section 3 Anesthetic Techniques 419
34 Anesthetic Techniques to Reduce Blood Loss 421
Dafydd Thomas
35 Controlled Hypotension Decreases Blood Transfusion Requirement: Fact or Fallacy? 430
Richard P. Dutton
36 Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution 439
Javad Bidgoli & Philippe Van der Linden
37 Hyperoxic Hemodilution 450
Jens Meier Konrad Messmer & Oliver Habler
38 Intraoperative and Postoperative Cell Salvage 458
Ernil Hansen & Hans Gombotz
Section 4 Special Settings 475
39 Anemia and Red Blood Transfusion in Critical Care 477
Tim Walsh
40 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Alternatives to Treat the Anemia of Prematurity 490
Ronald G. Strauss
41 Transfusion Alternatives in Orthopedic Surgery 498
Manuel Muñoz José Antonio García-Erce & Jorge Cuenca
42 Transfusion Alternatives in Obstetrics 509
Christian Breymann
Part 8 Legal and Ethical Issues in Transfusion Medicine 521
43 Ethical Aspects of Informed Consent: American Models 523
Ronald E. Domen
44 Blood Transfusions Jehovah's Witnesses and the American Patients' Rights Movement 531
Charles H. Baron
Part 9 Cost Issues 557
45 The Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Allogeneic and Autologous Blood 559
Brian Custer
46 Autologous Blood Predonation in Cardiac Surgery 569
Wulf Dietrich
47 Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacological Alternatives 575
Dean Fergusson & Brian Hutton
Index 581
