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Produktbild: Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation

Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation Principles, Practices and Management

Fr. 97.90

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.02.1992

Abbildungen

72ill.32tabs.

Herausgeber

Lennart Hansson

Verlag

Kluwer Academic Publishers Group

Seitenzahl

454

Maße (L)

22 cm

Gewicht

700 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-85166-718-5

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

01.02.1992

Abbildungen

72ill.32tabs.

Herausgeber

Lennart Hansson

Verlag

Kluwer Academic Publishers Group

Seitenzahl

454

Maße (L)

22 cm

Gewicht

700 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-85166-718-5

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  • Produktbild: Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation
  • 1 Introduction: Applied Ecological Principles and their Implementation in Nature.- Conservation.- 2 Conservation of Communities-The Importance of Edges, Surroundings and Landscape Mosaic Structure.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Definitions.- 2.2.1. Community ecology.- 2.2.2. Metapopulation dynamics.- 2.2.3. Landscape ecology.- 2.2.4. Scale problems.- 2.3. Swedish landscape types.- 2.4. Local and regional manifestations of edge-effects.- 2.4.1. Types and definitions of edges.- 2.4.2. Direct and indirect abiotic effects.- 2.4.3. Predation.- 2.4.4. Other interactions.- 2.4.5. Conclusions about edge-effects.- 2.5. Landscapemanagement.- 2.5.1. Ripple effects due to loss of keystone species.- 2.5.2. Landscape grain and interdispersion of habitat types.- 2.5.3. Key or indicator species, properties and processes.- 2.5.4. Effects on communities in terms of pollution on a regional scale.- 2.6. Management implications.- 2.6.1. Be careful when analysing data on communities and assemblages.- 2.6.2. Conservation by creating reserves or by management.- 2.6.3. Conservation of resources versus nature conservation.- 2.6.4. To manage or to be passive-that is the question.- 2.7. A plea for the future.- 2.7.1. Preserve the remaining natural forests.- 2.7.2. Create buffer zones around reserves.- 2.7.3. Develop strategic land-use planning.- 2.7.4. Enhance the natural variation in forests.- 2.7.5. Increase numbers of (old) broad-leaved trees.- 2.7.6. Plant native trees.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3 Conservation of Plant and Animal Populations in Theory and Practice.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Species extinctions.- 3.2.1. Definitions of scale.- 3.2.2. Body size and extinction.- 3.3. The importance of population size.- 3.3.1. Minimum viable population sizes.- 3.3.2. Stochastic population variability.- 3.4. The importance of habitat area.- 3.4.1. Species with fragmented habitats.- 3.4.2. Fragmentation models.- 3.4.3. Single large or several small reserves.- 3.4.4. Area requirements.- 3.4.5. Habitat diversity and reserve delimitation.- 3.5. The importance of species interactions.- 3.5.1. Trophic level, keystone species, and species vulnerability.- 3.5.2. Species introductions.- 3.6. Disturbance regimes and habitat quality.- 3.6.1. Pristine disturbances.- 3.6.2. Man-made disturbances.- 3.7. Conclusions.- References.- 4 Conservation of Genetic Variation in Plants-The Importance of Population Size and Gene Flow.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Some basic population genetics.- 4.2.1. Population size and genetic variation.- 4.2.2. Genetic drift-the random variation in allele frequencies.- 4.2.3. Inbreeding.- 4.2.4. Gene flow.- 4.2.5. Selection.- 4.2.6. Local differentiation.- 4.2.7. Measures of genetic diversity.- 4.3. Effects of genetic substructuring of plant populations.- 4.3.1. Inbreeding depression.- 4.3.2. Outbreeding depression.- 4.3.3. Genetic substructuring of plant populations-conclusions.- 4.4. 'The real world'-measures of population structure and gene flow.- 4.4.1. Neighbourhood size.- 4.4.2. Estimates of gene flow.- 4.4.3. Genetic structure.- 4.5. Discussion.- 4.6. Conclusions and further research needs.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 5 The Ecology of Dispersal in Relation to Conservation.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Bryophytes and lichens.- 5.2.1. General background.- 5.2.2. Diaspore production.- 5.2.3. Diaspore transport.- 5.2.4. Establishment.- 5.2.5. Dispersal in time.- 5.2.6. Regional dynamics and dispersal.- 5.2.7. Conservation aspects of dispersal.- 5.3. Insects.- 5.3.1. Flight and migration in insects.- 5.3.2. Two examples of migrating insects.- 5.3.3. Migration in the life of the individual.- 5.3.4. Variation in the tendency to migrate.- 5.3.5. Genetic and environmental determinants of migration.- 5.3.6. Migration as part of a life history syndrome.- 5.3.7. The role of migration in population dynamics.- 5.3.8. Migration and insect fauna conservation.- 5.4. Small mammals.- 5.4.1. Factors releasing dispersal.- 5.4.2. Dispersal in time and space.- 5.4.3. Dispersal and population persistence.- 5.5 General conclusions.- References.- 6 Archipelagoes and Theories of Insularity.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.1.1. Natural history of the Swedish archipelagoes.- 6.1.2. Cultural history.- 6.1.3. Why are archipelagoes important for nature conservation?.- 6.2. Theories of insularity.- 6.2.1. A static versus a dynamic viewpoint.- 6.2.2. Species richness theories.- 6.2.3. Theories of metapopulation dynamics.- 6.2.4. What are the features of successful island species?.- 6.3. Scandinavian case studies.- 6.3.1. Island size and species richness. Area, per se, habitat diversity or sampling?.- 6.3.2. Colonizations, extinctions, and metapopulation dynamics.- 6.4. Implications for conservation.- 6.4.1. General recommendations.- 6.4.2. Metapopulations.- 6.4.3. Changes in species composition with fragmentation.- 6.4.4. Conservation in an archipelago.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 7 Boreal Forests-The Focal Habitats of Fennoscandia.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Biotic zonation.- 7.2.1. Vegetation zones.- 7.2.2 Vegetation classification.- 7.2.3. Biotic zonation of animals.- 7.3. The natural forest.- 7.3.1. Community structure.- 7.3.2. Community dynamics.- 7.3.3. Features of special importance.- 7.4. Man's impact.- 7.4.1. The past-multiple utilization of the forest.- 7.4.2. The present-the industrial forest.- 7.5. Effects of forestry on the fauna and flora.- 7.5.1. Consequences of clear-cutting management.- 7.5.2. Reduced tree ages.- 7.5.3. Fire elimination.- 7.5.4. Changed tree species composition.- 7.5.5. Reduced input of coarse woody debris.- 7.5.6. Effects of forest management on avifauna.- 7.6. Conservation strategies for the future.- 7.6.1. How to maintain diversity?.- 7.6.2. Preserving and maintaining natural forests.- 7.6.3. A forestry that maintains biodiversity.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 8 Forested and Open Wetland Complexes.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Definitions.- 8.2.1. Wet forests.- 8.2.2. Wetlands without a tree canopy.- 8.3. Environmental factors.- 8.4. Disturbance history.- 8.5. Species changes.- 8.5.1. Flora.- 8.5.2. Mammals.- 8.5.3. Birds.- 8.5.4. Amphibians.- 8.5.5. Invertebrates.- 8.6. The future.- 8.7. Case studies.- 8.7.1. Cypripedium calceolus.- 8.7.2. Evernia divaricata.- 8.7.3. Pytho kolwensis.- 8.8. Signifìcance of wet forests and wetlands in a landscape context.- 8.8.1. Historical perspective.- 8.8.2. The present situation.- 8.9. Recommendations.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 9 Conservation Management of Riparian Communities.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. The system.- 9.3. Pattern and process in riparian habitats.- 9.3.1. Species composition.- 9.3.2. Species richness.- 9.3.3. Interactions with adjacent habitats.- 9.4. Conservation.- 9.4.1. Introduction.- 9.4.2. General recommendations.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 10 Forests in the Temperate-Boreal Transition-Natural and Man-Made Features.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Landscape changes and vegetation history.- 10.3. Vegetation dynamics.- 10.4. Forestry and forest processes.- 10.5. Acidification and pollution-new threats to hemiboreal forests.- 10.6. Animal communities.- 10.6.1. Mammals.- 10.6.2. Birds.- 10.6.3. Insects.- 10.7. Conclusions with conservation recommendations 388 References.- 11 Conservation Biology in Agricultural Habitat Islands.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Case studies.- 11.2.1. The critical habitats for carabid beetles on farmland.- 11.2.2. Bird diversity in the agricultural landscape.- 11.2.3. Bird nest predation and habitat island size.- 11.2.4. Pollination ecology on habitat islands...- 11.2.5. Reproductive success of the field fleawort Senecio integrifolius in relation to habitat fragmentation and habitat quality.- 11.3. General conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Epilogue.