Preface
List of Developing Countries
1 Background and History
Basic Concepts Important to the Study of Women in Developing Countries
Sex Roles versus Gender Roles
Social Stratification
Patriarchy
Cultural Relativism
History of Women in Development
The United Nations
Development Agencies and Approaches
Structural Adjustment Programs
Millennium Development Goals
Overview of Women's Status and Experiences in the World Today
Family Relations
Marriage
Preference for Males
Education
Health Care
Nutrition
Occupational Health
Contraceptives
Abortion
Maternal Mortality
Female Genital Mutilation
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Prostitution and Sex Trafficking
Violence against Women
Employment
Women's Rights as Human Rights
Empowerment of Women
References
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
Problems
Tradition
Education
Marriage and Family
Preference for Male Children
Child Marriage
Domestic Violence
Dowry
Health Care
Family Planning
Maternal Mortality
Prostitution and Sex Trafficking
HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Women and Work
Ability to Work Outside the Home
Gender Gap in Pay and Positions
Microenterprise
Land Ownership and Property Rights
Information and Communications Technologies
Female Refugees and Victims of War
Controversies
Female Genital Mutilation
Abortion
Honor Killings
Solutions
References
3 U.S. Concerns
Immigration
Asylum
Refugee Status
Determination of Asylum
Derivative Asylum
Reasons for Asylum
Female Genital Mutilation
Domestic Abuse, Rape
Religion
Forced Marriage
Detention While Awaiting Asylum Determination
Guestworker Programs in the United States
Trafficking
Immigrants' Life in the United States
Family Planning Policy
Lack of Ratification by the United States of Key International Conventions
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
The Convention on the Rights of the Child
References
4 Chronology
References
5 Biographical Sketches
Aminah Al-Said
Aduke Alakija
Corazon Aquino
Aung San Suu Kyi
Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Ela Bhatt
Benazir Bhutto
Ester Boserup
Elise Boulding
Angie Brooks-Randolph
Charlotte Bunch
Violeta Barrios de Chamorro
Eugenia Charles
Gaositwe Keagakwa Tibe Chiepe
Jeanne Martin Cissé
Shirin Ebadi
Nawal El Saadawi
Ana Figuero
lndira Gandhi
Lydia Gueiler Tejada
Asha Hagi
Asma Jahangir
Annie Ruth Baeta Jiagge
Fatima Jinnah
Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Begum Liaquat Ali Khan
Gwendoline Konie
Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga
Bertha Lutz
Wangari Maathai
Rigoberta Menchu Tum
Fatima Mernissi
Shushila Nayar
Teurai Ropa Nhongo
Isabel Peron
Fumilayo Ransome-Kuti
Aisha Ráteb
Dhanvanthi Rama Rau
Nibuya Sabalsajaray
Gita Sen
Huda Shaarawi
Leticia Ramos Shahani
Helvi Sipilä
Margaret Snyder
Mu Sochua
Mary Tadesse
Sakena Yacoobi
Begum Khaleda Zia
References
6 Facts and Data
International Conventions and Protocols
The Charter of the United Nations
Commission on the Status of Women
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Convention on the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others
Equal Remuneration Convention
Convention on the Political Rights of Women
Convention on the Nationality of Married Women
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
Convention against Discrimination in Education
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
Fourth World Conference on Women Beijing Declaration
Home Work Convention
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women and Peace and Security
Regional Conventions: Inter-American Conventions, Statutes, and Declarations
American Convention on Human Rights ("Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica")
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights ("Protocol of San Salvador")
Statute of the Inter-American Commission of Women
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Civil Rights to Women
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights to Women
Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women ("Convention of Belem do Para")
Inter-American Convention on Support Obligations
Convention on the Nationality of Women
Regional Conventions: Africa
African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
Condition of Women in Developing Countries
Health
Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting
Education
Domestic Violence and Rape
Prostitution and Sex Trafficking
Voting and Elections
Labor and Employment
References
7 Directory of Organizations
Nongovernmental Organizations
Government and Government-Affiliated Organizations
UN Entities
8 Selected Print and Nonprint Resources
Books
Agency Reports
Journals and Journal Articles
Videos and Electronic Resources
Websites and Blogs
Glossary
Index
About the Author
