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Nuclei in the Cosmos

Nuclei in the Cosmos

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Nuclei in the Cosmos

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Beschreibung

Details

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

27.06.2012

Herausgeber

Heinz Oberhummer

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

236

Beschreibung

Details

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

27.06.2012

Herausgeber

Heinz Oberhummer

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

236

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/1.4 cm

Gewicht

388 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1991

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-48842-9

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  • Nuclei in the Cosmos
  • Experimental Determination of Stellar Reaction Rates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Direct Measurements.- 3. Indirect Approaches.- 4. Reactions Involving Radioactive Nuclides.- References.- Radioactive Ion Beams in Nuclear Astrophysics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Interest of Radioactive Ion Beams in Nuclear Astrophysics.- 2.1 Nuclear Reactions of Astrophysical Interest Involving Radioactive Nuclei.- 2.2 Indirect Methods.- 2.3 Radioactive Ion Beams Versus Radioactive Targets.- 2.4 Remarks.- 3. Production of Radioactive Ion Beams.- 3.1 The Two Methods.- 3.2 Radioactive Ion Beams Produced by the Two-Accelerator Method.- 3.3 Proposals for RIB Production by the Two-Accelerator Method.- 4. Special Experimental Techniques in Nuclear Astrophysics Using Radioactive Ion Beams.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Targets.- 4.3 On-line Detectors.- 4.4 Off-line Detectors.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- Direct Reaction Mechanism in Astrophysically Relevant Processes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Qualitative Features of Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms.- 3. Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysical Scenarios.- 4. Optical Potentials.- 5. Theoretical Descriptions of Direct Reactions.- 6. Examples.- 6.1 Transfer Reactions with Non-resonant Behaviour.- 6.2 Transfer Reactions with Resonant Behaviour.- 6.3 Direct Capture.- 7. Summary.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Nuclear Reaction Rates — from Laboratory Experiments and in the Stellar Plasma.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theoretical Models for Extrapolating Measured Data.- 2.1 Example: The 12C(?,?)16O E1 Capture Reaction.- 2.2 The 12C(?,?)16O E2 Capture at Astrophysical Energies.- 3. Electron Screening in Laboratory Experiments.- 4. Screening Effects in the Plasma.- References.- Abundances in Galaxies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Light Element Abundances.- 3. Abundance Trends Between and Across Galaxies.- 4. Stellar Populations in Our Galaxy.- 5. Differential Abundance Variations Among Elements.- References.- Nuclei in Cosmic Rays.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Techniques for Measuring Composition from Satellites and Balloons.- 2.1 Electronic Detectors: The “Chicago Egg”.- 2.2 An Emulsion Experiment: JACEE.- 3. Results of Satellite and Balloon Experiments.- 4. How to Measure Cosmic Ray Composition above 1015 eV.- 4.1 Outline of Extensive Air Showers.- 4.2 Extensive Air Shower Properties Sensitive to Primary Particle Mass.- 4.3 A Proposed Experiment: KASCADE.- 5. Summary.- References.- Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Beyond the Standard Model.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Standard Primordial Nucleosynthesis.- 3. Observational Tests of the Standard Model.- 3.1 Helium.- 3.2 Lithium.- 4. The QCD Phase Transition.- 5. Neutrinos in the Early Universe.- 5.1 Sterile Neutrinos.- 5.2 Neutrino Oscillations.- 6. Cosmic Strings.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- Production of Heavy Elements in Inhomogeneous Cosmologies.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The QCD Transition in the Early Universe.- 3. The Standard Big Bang.- 4. Inhomogeneous Big Bang Scenarios.- 4.1 Light Element Production.- 4.2 The Formation of Heavy Elements.- 5. Computational Method.- 5.1 Inhomogeneous Big Bang in a Two Zone Model.- 5.2 The Nuclear Network.- 5.3 Important Reaction Rates and Their Determination.- 6. Results.- Acknowledgements.- References.- The s-Process: Branchings and Chronometers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chronometers — Models and Reality.- 3. s-Process Concepts.- 3.1 The Classical Approach.- 3.2 Stellar s-Process Models.- 4. s-Process Time Scales.- 4.1 Helium Shell Burning.- 4.2 Remixing to the Interstellar Medium and the Age of the Galaxy.- 4.3 Summary of Potential Chronometers.- 5. Selected Examples.- 5.1 176Lu — a Defect Cosmic Clock.- 5.2 The Branchings at 185W and 186Re — Neutron Density and r-Process Age.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- Beta Decay Far from Stability and Double Beta Decay, and Consequences for Astrophysics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Calculations of Beta Decay Properties of Nuclei Far from Stability.- 2.1 Half-lives.- 2.2 ?-Delayed Fission and ?-Delayed Neutron Emission.- 3. Beta Decay Far from Stability and the Astrophysical r-Process.- 3.1 Synthesis of Heavy Elements in the Universe.- 4. The r-Process and the Age of the Universe.- 5. Age of the Universe, Cosmology and Neutrino Mass.- 6. Double Beta Decay and Neutrino Mass.- 6.1 Neutrino Mass and Particle Theories (GUTs, SUSYs).- 6.2 Double Beta Decay and Neutrino Mass.- 7. Conclusion.- References.