Produktbild: Vascular Plants as Epiphytes
Band 76

Vascular Plants as Epiphytes Evolution and Ecophysiology

Aus der Reihe Ecological Studies

Fr. 137.00

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.11.2011

Herausgeber

Ulrich Lüttge

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

270

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/1.6 cm

Gewicht

441 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-74467-9

Beschreibung

Portrait

Until 2004 Ulrich Lüttge taught at the Institute for Botany at the TU Darmstadt. He is an experienced teacher and is concerned with membrane physiology and biochemistry, circadian rhythms among photosynthesis processes as well as the antioxidative defense system of plants

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.11.2011

Herausgeber

Ulrich Lüttge

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

270

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/1.6 cm

Gewicht

441 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-74467-9

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: ProductSafety@springernature.com

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  • Produktbild: Vascular Plants as Epiphytes
  • 1 Vascular Epiphytes: Setting the Scene.- 1.1 The Conquest of Space.- 1.2 Life-Forms.- 1.3 Importance: Biomass Production, Taxonomic Diversity, Economic Use.- 1.4 Stress.- 1.4.1 Environmental Gradients Along Stratum Heights in Rainforests.- 1.4.2 Stress Driving Evolution.- 1.4.3 Stress and Ecophysiology.- 1.4.4 Stress Determining Floristic Diversity.- 1.5 Interactions with Other Non-Host Organisms.- 1.6 Curiosity.- References.- 2 The Evolution of Epiphytism.- 2.1 Ancestral Habitats: Dark and Moist or Exposed and Dry?.- 2.2 The Geologic Record of Epiphytism.- 2.3 The Systematic Occurrence of Epiphytes.- 2.4 Epiphytism as a Coherent Ecological Category.- 2.5 Classification of Epiphytes.- 2.6 Continuously-Supplied Versus Pulse-Supplied Epiphytes . ..- 2.7 Patterns of Origin.- 2.8 Predisposition and Phylogenetic Constraints.- 2.9 Historical Basis for Canopy Dependence.- 2.9.1 Ferns.- 2.9.2 Liliopsida as a Whole.- 2.9.3 Nonorchid Monocotyledons.- 2.9.4 Orchids.- 2.9.5 Dicotyledons.- 2.9.6 Ancestral Habitats.- References.- 3 Carbon Dioxide Concentrating Mechanisms and the Evolution of CAM in Vascular Epiphytes.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Evolution and Characteristics of Biochemical and Biophysical C02 Concentrating Mechanisms.- 3.2.1 Carboxylase and Oxygenase Functions of RUBISCO ..- 3.2.2 C4 Photosynthesis as a C02 Concentrating Mechanism.- 3.2.3 CAM as a C02 Concentrating Mechanism.- 3.2.4 C02 Concentrating Mechanisms in Aquatic Plants.- 3.3 Ecophysiological Interactions in the Development of C02 Concentrating Mechanisms.- 3.3.1 Efficiency of Water Use.- 3.3.2 Carbon Economy.- 3.3.3 Nitrogen Economy.- 3.3.4 Responses to Photosynthetically Active Radiation.- 3.4 Phylogenetic Distribution of CAM in Vascular Epiphytes.- 3.4.1 Evolution of Epiphytism and CAM in the Polypodiaceae.- 3.4.2 Evolution of Epiphytism and CAM in the Monocotyledons.- 3.4.3 Evolution of Epiphytism and CAM in the Dicotyledons.- 3.5 Regulation and Expression of CAM in Vascular Epiphytes ..- 3.5.1 Constitutive CAM.- 3.5.2 C3-CAM Intermediates.- 3.6 Cost-Benefit Relationships of C02 Concentrating Mechanisms.- 3.6.1 Energetics of C02 Concentrating Mechanisms.- 3.6.2 C3 and CAM Epiphyte Habitat Preference.- 3.7 Evolution of CAM and the Epiphytic Habit: Conclusions.- References.- 4 Gas Exchange and Water Relations in Epiphytic Tropical Ferns.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Ecophysiological Problem.- 4.3 Nest Ferns.- 4.3.1 Morphology.- 4.3.2 Gas Exchange of Nest Ferns in Situ.- 4.4 Xeromorphic Ferns.- 4.4.1 Anatomical and Physiological Adaptations.- 4.4.2 Performance of CAM Ferns Under Laboratory Conditions.- 4.4.2.1 Water Deficiency.- 4.4.2.2 Temperature Requirements.- 4.4.2.3 Light Requirements.- 4.4.3 Performance of CAM Ferns in Situ.- 4.5 Water Use Efficiency of Epiphytic Ferns.- 4.6 Conclusions.- References.- 5 Epiphytic Bromeliads.- 5.1 Ecological Range and Diversity of the Bromeliaceae.- 5.2 Bromeliad Systematics and Life-Forms.- 5.2.1 Systematics.- 5.2.2 Life-Forms.- 5.3 Carbon Assimilation.- 5.3.1 Occurrence of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) and C3 Photosynthesis.- 5.3.2 Gas Exchange and Photosynthesis in CAM and C3 Bromeliads.- 5.3.3 Photosynthetic Responses to Light Intensity.- 5.3.4 Photosynthetic Ecology.- 5.4 Water Relations.- 5.5 Phylogenetic Ecology.- References.- 6 Gas Exchange and Water Relations in Epiphytic Orchids.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Terrestrial and Epiphytic Orchids.- 6.3 Growth Habit.- 6.4 The Epiphytic Habitat of Orchids.- 6.5 Gas Exchange Patterns as Related to Succulence in Epiphytic Orchids.- 6.6 In Situ Studies of CAM in Epiphytic Orchids.- 6.7 Light Requirements.- 6.8 Water Relations in Epiphytic Orchids.- 6.9 The Physiology of Aerial Roots.- 6.9.1 Water Relations.- 6.9.2 Gas Exchange.- 6.9.3 Mode of Photosynthesis.- 6.10 The Evolution of Epiphytism in Orchids.- References.- 7 The Mineral Nutrition of Epiphytes.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Nutrient Sources in Forest Canopies.- 7.2.1 Atmospheric Input.- 7.2.2 Bark and Other Solid Media.- 7.3 Nutritional Modes.- 7.3.1 Mutualism.- 7.3.2 Hemiepiphytism.- 7.3.3 Humus-Based Nutrition.- 7.3.4 Unequivocal Carnivores.- 7.3.5 Carnivorous Bromeliads.- 7.3.6 Animal Assistance to Noncarnivores.- 7.3.7 Atmospheric Nutrition.- 7.4 Does Scarcity of Nutrient Ions Limit Epiphyte Vigor?.- 7.5 Effects on Forest Economy.- 7.5.1 Nutritional Piracy.- 7.5.2 Relationship to Other Environmental Factors.- 7.6 Conclusions and Outlook.- References.- 8 Epiphytic Associations with Ants.- 8.1 Ubiquity and Sociality of Ants: Diversity of Ant-Epiphyte Relations.- 8.2 Opportunistic Associations of Epiphytes and Ants.- 8.2.1 Carton as Epiphyte Substrate.- 8.2.2 Fitness Outcomes and Limits to Specialization and Abundance.- 8.3 Myrmecophytic Epiphytes.- 8.3.1 Benefits to Ants.- 8.3.2 Benefits to Plants.- 8.3.3 Complex Interaction Networks.- 8.3.4 Epiphytes, Ants and Host Trees.- 8.3.5 Habitat Quality and Ant-Epiphyte Assocations.- 8.4 Origins of Myrmecophytic Epiphytes.- 8.5 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 9 The Systematic Distribution of Vascular Epiphytes.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Sources of Compilation and Methods of Classification of Epiphytes.- 9.3 Numbers of Epiphytes and Taxonomic Distribution.- 9.4 Our Knowledge of Epiphytes and Perspectives.- References.