• Produktbild: Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone
  • Produktbild: Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone
Band 63

Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone A Case Study of Late-Quaternary Forests in Eastern North America

Aus der Reihe Ecological Studies

Fr. 137.00

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei


Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

12.10.2011

Verlag

Springer Us

Seitenzahl

439

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/2.5 cm

Gewicht

686 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1987

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-4612-9136-7

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

12.10.2011

Verlag

Springer Us

Seitenzahl

439

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/2.5 cm

Gewicht

686 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1987

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-4612-9136-7

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: ProductSafety@springernature.com

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  • Produktbild: Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone
  • Produktbild: Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone
  • 1. The Nature of Long-Term Vegetational Change.- Long-term patterns and processes in forest communities.- Spatial and temporal scale.- The scale paradigm.- The mega-scale domain.- The macro-scale domain.- The micro-scale domain.- Quaternary environmental changes as forcing functions.- Episodes of continental glaciation in Earth history.- Pacemaker of the late-Cenozoic Ice Ages.- Leads and lags in response of environment and biota to climatic change.- Anthropogenic influences.- Models of stability and dynamics of forest communities.- A north-to-south transect through the last 20,000 years.- The role of changing disturbance regimes.- Conclusions.- 2. Modern Pollen-Vegetation Relationships.- Production and dispersal of pollen grains.- Pollen production and mechanisms for dispersal.- Temporal patterns of pollen dispersal.- Spatial patterns of pollen dispersal.- Calibration of the relationship of modern pollen assemblages to extant forests.- The representation of temperate and boreal tree taxa in modern pollen samples and forest vegetation.- Regional pollen-vegetation relationships in eastern North America.- Regional studies elsewhere in the northern Temperate Zone.- Subcontinent-scale pollen-vegetation calibrations in eastern North America.- Conclusions.- 3. Reconstructing Long-Term Forest Changes From Fossil-Pollen Data.- Comparison of quantitative techniques for reconstruction of past vegetation.- Taxon calibrations.- Modern analogue methods.- Forest simulation models.- A case study in comparison of taxon calibrations, modern analogue techniques, and simulation models as different approaches for quantifying past vegetation.- The late-Quaternary pollen record from Anderson Pond.- Results of taxon calibrations applied to Anderson Pond.- Results of analogue measures applied to Anderson Pond.- Results of the FORET simulation model at Anderson Pond.- Advantages and disadvantages of quantitative methods for forest reconstruction.- Generating late-Quaternary plant-ecological data sets.- Conclusions.- 4. Vegetation Map Patterns at the Biome Level.- Constructing paleogeographic maps.- Physical geography.- Site selection and chronologies.- Paleovegetation maps for eastern North America: 20,000 yr B.P. to the present.- Characterization of modern vegetation by pollen assemblages.- Selecting time planes for mapping.- Interpretation of paleovegetation maps.- Patterns of paleoclimate inferred from maps of paleovegetation.- The relationship of modern climatic regions to vegetation.- Biotic responses to changing atmospheric circulation patterns during the late Quaternary.- Conclusions.- 5. Tree Population Dynamics During the Past 20,000 Years.- Population trajectories through time.- Documentation of changing number and density of paleoecological sites through time.- Minimum, maximum, and mean values of dominance through time.- Determination of contour intervals of dominance scaled to the population characteristics of each taxon.- Temporal changes in areal extent and dominance structure of tree populations.- Contoured paleo-dominance maps for major tree taxa in eastern North America.- Fir (Abies).- Maple (Acer).- Birch (Betula).- Hickory (Carya).- Hackberry (Celtis).- Cedars and cypress (Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae).- Beech (Fagus grandifolia).- Ash (Fraxinus).- Walnut (Juglans).- Tamarack (Larix).- Tupelo (Nyssa).- Spruce (Picea).- Pine (Pinus).- Aspen or Cottonwood (Populus).- Oak (Quercus).- Willow (Salix).- Basswood (Tilia).- Hemlock (Tsuga).- Elm (Ulmus).- Conclusions.- 6. Late-Quaternary MIgrational Strategies of Tree Species.- Ecological areography.- Measurements of perimeter/$$\sqrt {area}$$.- Ecological areography of eastern North American tree taxa.- Migrational strategies of tree taxa.- The r-migration (rm) strategist.- The K-migration (Km) strategist.- The fugitive-migration (fm) strategist.- Stress tactics.- Late-Quaternary patterns and processes of migration.- Examples of r-migration (rm) strategists.- Examples of K-migration (Km) strategists.- Examples of fugitive-migration (fm) strategists.- Geographic and temporal variation in late-Quaternary migration rates.- Conclusions.- 7. The Role of Competition in Long-Term Forest Dynamics.- The ghost of competition past.- Use of pollen accumulation rates (PAR) for estimating changes in tree populations.- Black ash and hornbeam: A case study in late-glacial and early-Holocene competition.- One-taxon models of exponential and logistic growth.- Two-taxa models of interspecific competition.- Potential versus realized niches.- Conclusions.- 8. Gradient Analysis, Ecotones, and Forest Communities.- Direct gradient analysis.- Interpolation of dominance values for individual taxa along a south-to-north transect at 85°W.- Changing abundances of individual taxa through the late Quaternary along changing environmental gradients.- DECORANA ordination of late-Quaternary ecoclines.- Ordination of sample scores.- Rates of species turnover through the past 20,000 years.- Conclusions.- 9. Quaternary Landscape Ecology.- Integration of pattern and process in vegetation, climate, and geomorphology.- Paleohydrology and Quaternary vegetation of the Interior Low Plateaus.- Quaternary landscape evolution in the southern Appalachian Mountains.- Landscape transformation in the deglaciated Great Lakes region.- Conclusions.- 10. Long-Term Forest Dynamics of the Temperate Zone.- Late-Quaternary vegetational and climatic history of Europe.- Locations of refugia for European temperate tree taxa.- Comparison of northward migration routes and rates between European and eastern North American tree taxa.- Late-Quaternary distributional histories of European tree genera.- Fir (Abies).- Maple (Acer).- Birch (Betula).- Beech (Fagus).- Ash (Fraxinus).- Walnut (Juglans).- Larch (Larix).- Spruce (Picea).- Pine (Diploxylon Pinus).- Pine (Haploxylon Pinus).- Aspen (Populus).- Oak (Quercus).- Willow (Salix).- Linden (Tilia).- Elm (Ulmus).- Conclusions.- References.- List of late-Quaternary sites used in the FORMAP Project.