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  • Produktbild: Calcium in Muscle Contraction
  • Produktbild: Calcium in Muscle Contraction

Calcium in Muscle Contraction Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Fr. 137.00

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

08.12.2011

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

354

Maße (L/B/H)

24.2/17/2.1 cm

Gewicht

643 g

Auflage

Second Edition 1992

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-77562-8

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

08.12.2011

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

354

Maße (L/B/H)

24.2/17/2.1 cm

Gewicht

643 g

Auflage

Second Edition 1992

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-77562-8

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

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  • Produktbild: Calcium in Muscle Contraction
  • Produktbild: Calcium in Muscle Contraction
  • 1. Muscle Excitation and Contraction.- 1.1 Muscle Excitation.- 1.2 Electromechanical Coupling.- 1.2.1 The Role of Membrane Depolarization.- 1.2.2 The Importance of Calcium.- 1.3 The Contractile Process.- 1.3.1 Characteristics of Activation.- 1.3.2 The “Contractile” ATPase.- 1.3.3 Actin-Myosin Interaction in Muscle Contraction.- 1.3.4 The Cessation of Contraction: Relaxation.- 2. The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: Storage and Release of Calcium.- 2.1 Inward Spread of Excitation in the Transverse System (T-System).- 2.1.1 Local-Activation Experiments.- 2.1.2 Structure of the Transverse System.- 2.1.3 Conduction of Excitation in T-Tubules.- 2.2 Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR).- 2.2.1 Calcium Storage and Release Sites.- 2.2.2 Structure of T-SR Junction.- 2.2.3 Coupling of T-System and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- 2.2.4 Calcium Release from “Skinned Fibres”.- 2.3 Calcium Reuptake by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- 2.3.1 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Fast and Slow Muscle.- 2.3.2 Fragmented Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- 2.3.3 Mechanism of Calcium Transport.- 2.3.4 Regulation of Calcium Uptake.- 2.3.5 Supplementary Calcium-Sequestering Mechanisms.- 2.3.6 Molecular Structure and Function of Calcium Pumps.- 3. The Dependence of Muscle Contraction and Relaxation on the Intracellular Concentration of Free Calcium Ions.- 3.1 Crustacean Muscle.- 3.1.1 Microinjection Experiments.- 3.1.2 Determination of Ca2+ Concentration in Resting and Contracting Muscle with Calcium Electrodes.- 3.1.3 Calcium Transients Determined by Aequorin.- 3.1.4 Calcium Transients: Comparative Aspects.- 3.1.5 Graded Activation.- 3.1.6 Ca2+ and Contraction of Skinned Fibres.- 3.1.7 Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Crustacean Muscle.- 3.2 Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle.- 3.2.1 Amphibian Tonic Fibres.- 3.2.2 Relation of Membrane Potential and Calcium Release in Twitch Fibres.- 3.2.3 Twitch Contraction.- 3.2.4 Twitch Superposition and Tetanus.- 3.2.5 Quantitative Estimation of Intracellular Calcium Ion Concentration During Twitch and Tetanus.- 3.2.6 Control of Force in Intact Twitch Muscle.- 3.2.7 Intracellular Free Calcium and Heat of Activation.- 3.2.8 Coordination of Metabolism and Contraction by the Intracellular Free Calcium Ion Concentration.- 3.2.9 Calcium Homeostasis: Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 4. Calcium Binding and Regulatory Proteins.- 4.1 Structure and Function of Troponin.- 4.1.1 The Subunits of Troponin.- 4.1.2 Troponin-C is the Intracellular Calcium Receptor.- 4.1.3 The Calcium Signal Alters Thin-Filament Protein Interactions.- 4.2 Alterations of Thin Filaments Trigger Contraction.- 4.2.1 Calcium-Dependent Regulation of Actomyosin-ATPase.- 4.2.2 Regulation of Muscle Force, Stiffness and Shortening Velocity.- 4.2.3 Relation of Muscle Force and Calcium Occupancy of Troponin.- 4.3 Ancillary Calcium-Binding Proteins: Calmodulin, Parvalbumin, and Myosin Light Chains.- 4.3.1 Is Parvalbumin a Soluble Relaxing Factor?.- 4.3.2 Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Activation of Myosin Light Chain Kinase.- 4.3.3 Role of Myosin Light Chains in Skeletal Muscle.- 5. Diversity of Fast and Slow Striated Muscle.- 5.1 Vertebrate Tonic Muscle Fibres.- 5.1.1 Amphibian Slow Muscles.- 5.1.2 Avian Tonic Fibres.- 5.1.3 Fish Muscle.- 5.2 Comparison of Mammalian Fast- and Slow-Twitch Fibres.- 5.2.1 Diversity and Plasticity of Fibre Types.- 5.2.2 Differences in Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- 5.2.3 Shortening Velocity and Myosin Isozymes.- 5.2.4 Fast and Slow Muscle: Calcium Cycling and Energetics.- 5.3 Diversity of Crustacean Muscles.- 5.3.1 The Cell Membrane.- 5.3.2 Diversity of Sarcomere Structure and ATPase Activity.- 5.3.3 Internal Membrane Systems.- 5.3.4 Comparison with Other Arthropod Muscles.- 5.4 Insect Flight Muscle.- 5.4.1 Non-Fibrillar Muscle.- 5.4.2 Fibrillar Muscle.- 5.4.3 The Myofibrillar Origin of Myogenic Oscillation: Skinned-Fibre Studies.- 5.4.4 Stretch Activation.- 5.5 Obliquely Striated Muscle of Annelids and Nematodes.- 5.6 Generalizations and Conclusions.- 6. Myosin-Linked Regulation of Molluscan Muscle.- 6.1 Calcium Regulation in the Striated Adductor of the Scallop.- 6.1.1 Recognition of Myosin-Linked Regulation.- 6.1.2 The Role of Myosin Light Chains.- 6.1.3 Light-Chain-Dependent Calcium Binding and Contraction: Cooperativity.- 6.1.4 Light-Chain Location and Movement.- 6.1.5 Mechanism of ATPase Activation by Calcium.- 6.1.6 Comparison of Myosin- and Actin-Linked Regulation.- 6.2 Catch Muscles.- 6.2.1 Structural Features of Catch Muscle.- 6.2.2 Phasic and Tonic Contraction of the Anterior Byssus Retractor Muscle of Mytilus (ABRM).- 6.2.3 Analysis of Catch Regulation in Skinned Fibres — Role of Calcium and cAMP.- 6.2.4 A Biochemical Catch Mechanism.- 6.2.5 Comparison of Catch and Latch in Smooth Muscle.- 6.3 Summary.- 7. The Vertebrate Heart: Modulation of Calcium Control.- 7.1 Calcium-Transport Mechanisms.- 7.1.1 Calcium Sequestration by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the Role of Mitochondria.- 7.1.2 Calcium Movements Across the Cell Membrane.- 7.2 Calcium Movements as the Link Between Excitation and Contraction.- 7.2.1 Action Potential and Calcium Entry.- 7.2.2 Activation of Myocardial Myofilaments of Lower Vertebrates by Transmembrane Sarcolemmal Calcium Influx.- 7.2.3 Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum During Contraction of Mammalian Hearts.- 7.2.4 Delayed Effects of Excitation on Contraction.- 7.3 Myoplasmic Free Calcium, a Major Determinant of Contractility.- 7.3.1 The Dependence of Force and Intracellular Calcium Transients on Extracellular Calcium Concentration.- 7.3.2 Toxins and Drugs Influencing Force and Intracellular Free Calcium.- 7.3.3 How Noradrenaline Increases Contractility.- 7.4 Alteration of Contractility by Changes in Calcium Responsiveness of Myofilaments.- 7.4.1 Calcium Desensitization of Myofilaments by Cyclic Nucleotides.- 7.4.2 Hypoxic Insufficiency.- 7.4.3 Frank-Starling Mechanism.- 7.4.4 Positive Inotropic Drugs as Calcium Sensitizers.- 7.4.5 Ischemia, Necrosis and Stunned Myocardium.- 8. Vertebrate Smooth Muscle.- 8.1 Contractile Mechanism.- 8.1.1 Organization of the Contractile Structure.- 8.1.2 The Crossbridge Cycle.- 8.1.3 The Proteins Associated with Contraction.- 8.2 Calcium Activation of the Contractile Apparatus.- 8.2.1 Calmodulin and Myosin Light-Chain Kinase Activate Muscle Contraction.- 8.2.2 Myosin Phosphatase.- 8.2.3 A Futile Cycle of Myosin Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation May Regulate Smooth Muscle Contraction.- 8.2.4 Alternative Mechanisms of Smooth Muscle Activation.- 8.2.5 Phosphorylation-Contraction Coupling in Actomyosin Systems and Intact Smooth Muscle.- 8.2.6 Regulation of Contraction in Skinned Fibres.- 8.3 Regulation of the Intracellular Calcium Ion Concentration.- 8.3.1 Intracellular Free Calcium.- 8.3.2 The Relative Importance of Membrane Depolarization for Activation.- 8.3.3 Calcium Channels and Calcium Influx.- 8.3.4 Calcium Release from Intracellular Stores and Phosphoinositide Metabolism.- 8.3.5 Calcium Reuptake by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Calcium Extrusion Through the Cell Membrane.- 8.4 Modulation of Calcium Activation by Cyclic Nucleotides and G-Proteins.- 8.4.1 Mediation of Beta-Adrenergic Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle by cAMP.- 8.4.2 The Mechanisms of cAMP-Mediated Relaxation.- 8.4.3 Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)-Mediated Relaxation.- 8.4.4 Calcium Sensitization of Myofilaments Mediated by G-Proteins.- 9. Principles of Calcium Signalling in Muscle.- 9.1 Senders of Calcium Signals.- 9.2 Transmission of Calcium Signals.- 9.3 Diversity of Calcium-Signal Receivers.- 9.4 Contractile Responsiveness to Calcium.- 9.5 Feedback Signals and Servoloops.- 10. Molecular Level Approaches to Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Heart and Skeletal Muscle.- 10.1 Calcium Channels in T-System SR Coupling and Calcium Release.- 10.1.1 The Calcium Release Channel of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- 10.1.2 The Calcium Channel of T-Tubules in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle.- 10.2 Control of the Contractile Mechanism by Intracellular Free Calcium.- 10.2.1 Molecular Properties and Role of Thin Filament Proteins.- 10.2.2 Contractile Activation: Crossbridges Called into Action.- 10.2.3 Molecular Aspects of Contractility in the Myocardium.- 10.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects.- References.