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  • Produktbild: Biology of Desert Invertebrates
  • Produktbild: Biology of Desert Invertebrates

Biology of Desert Invertebrates

Fr. 137.00

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

10.04.2012

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

314

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/1.9 cm

Gewicht

510 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1981

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-85796-6

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

10.04.2012

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

314

Maße (L/B/H)

23.5/15.5/1.9 cm

Gewicht

510 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1981

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-85796-6

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Biology of Desert Invertebrates
  • Produktbild: Biology of Desert Invertebrates
  • 1 Deserts and Desert Invertebrates.- 1 Perspectives.- A. Evolution and Present Distribution of Deserts.- I. Physical Causes of Deserts.- 1. The Role of Climate.- 2. Classification of Present Deserts Based on Climate.- a. Subtropical Deserts.- b. Continental Interior Deserts.- c. Rain Shadow Deserts.- d. Cool Coastal Deserts.- e. Polar Deserts.- 3. Desertification.- a. Effects of Vegetation Removal.- b. Effects of Withholding Fire.- II. Continental Drift, Paleoclimates, and Desert Evolution.- 1. Gondwanaland and Pangaea.- 2. Mesozoic Events and Aridity.- 3. Desert Formation in the Tertiary.- 4. Quaternary Environments and Modern Deserts.- B. Physical Environment of Deserts.- I. Climate.- 1. Radiant Energy.- 2. Wind.- 3. Water.- II. Surfaces and Soils: Their Properties and Microclimates.- C. Desert Ecosystems: Producers.- I. Introduction.- II. Role of Producers Relative to Arid-Climate Patterns.- 1. Production in Desert Plants.- 2. Production Relative to Major Physical and Climatic Factors.- III. Role of Producers Relative to Invertebrate Habitats and Feeding Patterns.- 1. Trees and Shrubs.- 2. Annuals.- 3. Cryptogams.- D. Desert Ecosystems: Consumers.- I. Introduction.- II. Production, Life History, and Climate.- III. Influence of Consumers on Primary Production.- 2 The Array of Desert Invertebrates.- A. Protozoans.- B. Nematodes.- C. Annelids.- D. Gastropod Mollusks.- E. Isopods and Other Crustaceans.- F. Solifugid Arachnids.- G. Uropygid Arachnids.- H. Pseudoscorpions.- I. Scorpions.- J. Opilionid Arachnids.- K. Spiders.- L. Mites.- M. Millipedes.- N. Centipedes.- O. Entognath Hexapods and Apterygote Insects.- P. Cockroaches and Lesser Orthopteroid Insects.- Q. Locusts and Grasshoppers.- R. Termites.- S. Hemipteroid Insects.- T. Neuropterans.- U. Beetles.- V. Butterflies and Moths.- W. Flies.- X. Bees and Wasps.- Y. Ants.- Z. Fleas.- Summary Comments: Part 1.- 2 Adaptations to Xeric Environments.- 3 The Use of Light and Timing of Activity.- A. Introduction.- I. Photoperiod.- II. Light Intensity and Wavelength.- B. Simple Light Responses and Diel Periodicities of Desert Invertebrates.- I. Mollusks.- II. Isopods.- III. Arachnids.- IV. Myriapods.- V. Insects.- VI. Assessment of Diel Periodicities.- C. Seasonal Periodicities of Desert Invertebrates.- 4 Water Relations: Short-Term Water Balance.- A. Introduction.- B. Water Loss.- C. Water Uptake.- D. Patterns of Desiccation Resistance.- 5 Seasonal Water Relations: Long-Term Water Balance.- A. Introduction.- B. Soil-Associated Invertebrates.- C. Desert Locusts.- D. Summary Comments.- 6 Temperature Relations.- A. Introduction.- B. Thermal Budgets Describing Thermal Balance.- C. Morphological Adaptations.- I. Dead Air Spaces.- II. Limb Length.- III. Color.- IV. Integumental Properties Other than Color.- D. Behavioral and Physiological Adaptations.- I. Behavioral Thermoregulation.- 1. Evaporative Cooling by Behavioral Means.- 2. Microhabitat Selection.- II. Physiological Aspects of Thermal Relations.- 1. Acclimation to High Temperatures.- 2. Metabolic Homeostasis in Changing Thermal Environments.- 3. Flying Insects: A Special Case.- E. Adaptations to Cold.- I. General Responses to Freezing Temperatures.- II. Comparative Responses to Freezing Temperatures in Desert Invertebrates.- III. Other Metabolic Responses to Cold.- F. Summary Comments.- 7 Energetics.- A. Introduction.- B. Assimilation.- C. Respiration.- D. Production.- Summary Comments: Part 2.- 3 Life-History Patterns.- 8 Short Lives: Multivoltine Species.- A. Introduction.- B. Reproductive Patterns.- C. Patterns of Development and Resource Utilization.- 9 Short Lives: Univoltine Species.- A. Introduction.- B. Reproductive Patterns.- C. Developmental Patterns.- D. Patterns of Resource Utilization.- 10 Long Lives: Herbivores and Detritivores.- A. Introduction.- B. Reproductive Patterns.- C. Developmental Patterns.- I. Slow Growth and Its Consequences.- II. Interactions with Predators.- D. Detritus as a Resource.- 11 Long Lives: Carnivores.- A. Introduction.- B. Reproductive Patterns.- C. Developmental Patterns.- D. Patterns of Resource Utilization.- Summary Comments: Part 3.- 4 Invertebrate Communities: Composition and Dynamics.- Introduction: Use of the Community Concept.- 12 Soil and Litter Community: Nematodes and Microarthropods.- A. Introduction.- B. Distribution.- C. Community Roles.- I. Trophic Relationships.- II. Energetics.- 13 Soil and Litter Community: Social Arthropods.- A. Sociality in Desert Species: General Comments.- B. Ants.- I. Patterns of Distribution.- II. Community Roles.- C. Termites.- I. Patterns of Distribution.- II. Community Roles.- 14 Soil and Litter Community: Temporary Dwellers.- A. Comments on the Fauna.- B. Habitats and Their Temporary Residents.- I. Soil (Including Burrows).- 1. Distribution of Invertebrate Species.- 2. Morphological and Behavioral Adaptations of Soil-Associated Desert Arthropods.- 3. Adaptations of Soil-Associated Carnivorous Arthropods in Deserts.- II. Crevice-Type Habitats.- III. Soil Surface Including Litter.- C. Summary Comments.- 15 Temporary Vegetation Community: Emphasis on Herbivores.- A. Introductory Comments.- B. Consumer Array and Dietary Patterns.- I. Direct Consumers.- II. Pollinators.- III. Carnivores.- C. Characteristics of Plants as Resources for Invertebrate Consumers.- I. Plant Phenology.- II. Aspects of Photosynthesis.- D. Characteristics of Invertebrate Consumers.- I. Seasonal and Diel Feeding Patterns.- II. Patterns of Pollination.- III. Patterns of Behavior and Development.- E. Coevolution of Temporary Desert Vegetation and Its Herbivores.- 16 Perennial Shrub Community.- A. Introductory Comments.- B. Consumer Array and Dietary Patterns.- C. Characteristics of Plants as Resources for Invertebrate Consumers.- I. Plant Phenology.- II. Aspects of Photosynthesis.- D. Characteristics of Invertebrate Consumers.- I. Seasonal and Diel Feeding Patterns.- II. Patterns of Behavior and Development.- E. Coevolution of Perennial Desert Shrubs and Their Herbivores.- 17 The Invertebrate Community of Ephemeral Waters.- A. The Habitat.- B. The Invertebrate Fauna.- C. Reproduction and Development.- I. Reproductive Potential.- II. Embryonic Development and Survival.- III. Hatching.- IV. Posthatching Development and Survival.- D. Adaptation to Abiotic Stress Conditions.- E. Production, Competition, and Seasonal Colonization.- 5 Invertebrates in Desert Ecosystems: Summary Remarks.- A. Introduction.- B. The Temporal Dimension.- C. The Spatial Dimension.- D. Models of Invertebrate Activity in Desert Ecosystems.- E. Future Studies.- I. Adaptation.- II. Life-History Patterns.- III. Community Dynamics.- F. Final Comments.- References.