Produktbild: MRI of the Head and Neck

MRI of the Head and Neck Functional Anatomy — Clinical Findings — Pathology — Imaging

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.11.2011

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

269

Maße (L/B/H)

24.2/17/1.7 cm

Gewicht

511 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1992

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-76792-0

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.11.2011

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

269

Maße (L/B/H)

24.2/17/1.7 cm

Gewicht

511 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1992

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-76792-0

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: MRI of the Head and Neck
  • 1 Introduction.- 1.1 The Problem and the Goal.- 1.2 Clinical Presentation.- 1.2.1 Temporal Bone, Skull Base, and Cerebellopontine Angle.- 1.2.2 Orbit.- 1.2.3 Nasopharynx and Paranasal Sinuses.- 1.2.4 Salivary Glands.- 1.2.5 Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.- 1.2.6 Hypopharynx and Larynx.- 1.2.7 Neck.- 1.2.8 Temporomandibular Joint.- 1.3 Imaging Modalities in the Head and Neck.- 1.3.1 Conventional Roentgenology.- 1.3.2 Angiography.- 1.3.3 Ultrasound.- 1.3.4 Computer-Assisted Techniques.- 1.4 Methods of Treatment.- 1.4.1 Surgery.- 1.4.2 Radiotherapy.- 1.4.3 Chemotherapy and Radiochemotherapy.- 2 Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 2.1 Principles of Magnetic Resonance.- 2.1.1 Magnetism at the Atomic and Nuclear Level.- 2.1.2 Resonance.- 2.1.3 Relaxation.- 2.1.4 Image Acquisition.- 2.2 Parameters of MRI.- 2.2.1 Field Strength.- 2.2.2 Repetition Time.- 2.2.3 Echo Time.- 2.2.4 Resolution.- 2.2.5 Multiple Acquisitions.- 2.2.6 Signal-to-Noise Ratio.- 2.2.7 Contrast-to-Noise Ratio.- 2.3 Equipment.- 2.3.1 Magnets.- 2.3.2 Radiofrequency Equipment.- 2.4 Pulse Sequences and Special Techniques.- 2.4.1 Spin-Echo Sequences.- 2.4.2 Fast Imaging.- 2.4.3 MR Angiography: Basic Physics.- 2.4.4 3D Imaging.- 2.5 Biologic Effects and Safety Considerations.- 2.5.1 Biologic Effects.- 2.5.2 Safety Considerations.- 2.5.3 Summary.- 3 Examination Technique.- 3.1 Coil Technology.- 3.2 Sequences and Specific Examination Protocols.- 3.2.1 Petrous Part, Middle Skull Base, and Face.- 3.2.2 Oropharynx and Neck.- 3.3 Fast Sequences and Dynamic MRI.- 4 Contrast Media.- 4.1 Basic Principles.- 4.1.1 The Theory of Proton Relaxation.- 4.1.2 Contrast Enhancement.- 4.2 Pharmacology of Gd-DTPA.- 4.3 Safety Profile of Gd-DTPA.- 4.4 Examination Protocols.- 4.4.1 Sequences.- 4.4.2 Subtraction Technique.- 4.4.3 Dynamic MRI.- 4.4.4 Oral Administration of Contrast Medium.- 4.5 Clinical Indications.- 4.5.1 Normal Topography.- 4.5.2 Benign Tumors.- 4.5.3 Malignant Tumors.- 4.5.4 Posttreatment Control.- 4.5.5 Inflammatory Disease.- 4.6 Summary.- 5 Signal Intensity and Relaxation.- 5.1 In Vivo Results.- 6 Temporal Bone, Middle Skull Base, and Cerebellopontine Angle.- 6.1 Clinical Findings.- 6.2 Examination Technique.- 6.3 The Topographic Basis for the Evaluation of MR Images.- 6.4 Sensitivity and Specificity of MRI in Relation to Other Imaging Modalities.- 6.4.1 The Value of the Various MRI Sequences.- 6.5 Acoustic Neuroma.- 6.5.1 Classification.- 6.5.2 MRI Characteristics.- 6.6 Other Neuromas.- 6.7 Glomus Tumors.- 6.7.1 Classification.- 6.7.2 MRI Characteristics.- 6.8 Meningioma.- 6.9 Epidermoid.- 6.10 Cholesteatoma and Other Tumors of the Pyramid Apex.- 6.11 Tumors of the Posterior Cranial Fossa.- 6.12 Overall Efficacy of MRI.- 6.13 Diagnostic Strategy.- 7 Orbit.- 7.1 Clinical Findings.- 7.2 Examination Technique.- 7.3 Topographic Relations.- 7.3.1 Eyeball.- 7.3.2 Nerves.- 7.3.3 Blood Vessels.- 7.3.4 Muscles and Fatty Tissue.- 7.3.5 Lacrimal Gland.- 7.3.6 Bony Borders.- 7.4 Ocular Lesions.- 7.4.1 Congenital Lesions.- 7.4.2 Traumatic Lesions.- 7.4.3 Inflammation.- 7.4.4 Tumors.- 7.5 Optic Nerve/Sheath Lesions.- 7.5.1 Nontumorous Enlargement.- 7.5.2 Tumorous Enlargement.- 7.6 Intra- and Extraconal Lesions.- 7.6.1 Pseudotumor.- 7.6.2 Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome.- 7.6.3 Graves’ Disease.- 7.6.4 Lymphoma.- 7.6.5 Malignant Lesions.- 7.6.6 Benign Lesions.- 7.6.7 Vascular Lesions.- 7.6.8 Lacrimal Gland Lesions.- 7.7 Summary.- 8 Nasopharynx and Paranasal Sinuses.- 8.1 Clinical Findings.- 8.2 Examination Technique.- 8.3 Topographic Relations.- 8.3.1 Nasopharynx.- 8.3.2 Parapharyngeal Space.- 8.3.3 Nose and Paranasal Sinuses.- 8.4 Lesions of the Nasopharynx.- 8.4.1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- 8.4.2 Lymphoepithelial and Adenoid-Cystic Carcinomas.- 8.4.3 Juvenile Angiofibroma.- 8.4.4 Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Lymphomas.- 8.5 Lesions of the Parapharyngeal Space.- 8.6 Lesions of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses.- 8.6.1 Inflammatory Changes.- 8.6.2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- 8.6.3 Rare Lesions.- 8.7 Value of MRI and Diagnostic Procedure.- 9 Salivary Glands.- 9.1 Clinical Findings.- 9.2 Examination Technique.- 9.3 Topographic Relations.- 9.3.1 Parotid Gland.- 9.3.2 Submandibular and Sublingual Glands.- 9.4 Inflammatory Changes.- 9.4.1 Parotitis.- 9.4.2 Sjögren’s Syndrome.- 9.5 Benign Lesions.- 9.5.1 Pleomorphic Adenoma.- 9.5.2 Lymphoepithelial Cysts.- 9.5.3 Warthin’s Tumor.- 9.6 Malignant Lesions.- 9.6.1 Adenocarcinoma.- 9.6.2 Adenoid-Cystic Carcinoma.- 9.6.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- 9.6.4 Lymphoma.- 9.6.5 Recurrent Lesions.- 9.7 Value of MRI and Diagnostic Procedure.- 10 Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.- 10.1 Clinical Findings.- 10.2 Examination Technique.- 10.3 Topographic Relations.- 10.4 Squamous Cell Carcinoma.- 10.4.1 Tumor Classification.- 10.4.2 Tonsils and Parapharyngeal Space.- 10.4.3 Oral Cavity and Body of Tongue.- 10.4.4 Vallecula and Base of Tongue.- 10.5 Other Lesions.- 10.5.1 Kaposi Sarcoma.- 10.5.2 Glomus Tumor.- 10.5.3 Adenoma.- 10.5.4 Metastatic Lymph Nodes.- 10.5.5 Paresis of the Hypoglossal Nerve.- 10.5.6 Hemangioma.- 10.5.7 Plasmocytoma.- 10.5.8 Others.- 10.6 Diagnostic Strategy.- 11 Larynx and Hypopharynx.- 11.1 Clinical Findings.- 11.2 Examination Technique.- 11.3 Topographic Relations.- 11.3.1 Hypopharynx.- 11.3.2 Larynx.- 11.4 Tumor Classification.- 11.5 Differential Diagnosis.- 11.6 Characteristic Diagnostic Findings.- 11.6.1 Principles of MRI.- 11.6.2 Tumors.- 11.6.3 Trauma.- 11.6.4 Diagnostic Strategy.- 12 Neck.- 12.1 Clinical Findings.- 12.2 Examination Technique.- 12.3 Topographic Relations.- 12.3.1 Neck Compartments.- 12.3.2 Thyroid Gland.- 12.3.3 Parathyroid Glands.- 12.3.4 Lymph Nodes.- 12.4 Thyroid Gland.- 12.4.1 Diagnostic Concept.- 12.4.2 Anatomic Abnormalities.- 12.4.3 Goiter.- 12.4.4 Nodular Disease.- 12.4.5 Adenoma.- 12.4.6 Conclusions.- 12.5 Parathyroid Glands.- 12.5.1 Diagnostic Concept.- 12.5.2 Nodular Disease.- 12.5.3 Conclusions.- 12.6 Lymph Nodes.- 12.6.1 Diagnostic Concept.- 12.6.2 Inflammatory Lesions.- 12.6.3 Malignant Lymphoma.- 12.6.4 Metastatic Cancer.- 12.6.5 Conclusions.- 12.7 Soft Tissue Masses.- 12.7.1 Inflammation, Abscess.- 12.7.2 Cysts.- 12.7.3 Lipoma.- 12.7.4 Neural Tumors.- 12.7.5 Rhabdomyoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma.- 12.7.6 Chordoma.- 12.7.7 Others.- 12.7.8 Conclusions.- 12.8 Vascular Lesions.- 12.8.1 Glomus Tumor.- 12.8.2 Hemangioma.- 12.9 Value of MRI and Diagnostic Strategy.- 13 Temporomandibular Joint.- 13.1 Clinical Approach.- 13.2 Examination Technique.- 13.3 Topographic Relations.- 13.3.1 Mandibular Condyle.- 13.3.2 Mandibular Fossa.- 13.3.3 Articular Disk.- 13.3.4 Mandibular Movement.- 13.4 MRI and Clinical Findings.- 13.4.1 Traumatic Injuries.- 13.4.2 Arthritis.- 13.4.3 Internal Derangement.- 13.4.4 Hypermobility of the Mandibular Condyle.- 14 Three Dimensional MRI.- 14.1 Principles.- 14.1.1 Equipment and Sequences.- 14.1.2 Value of Different Sequences.- 14.1.3 Value of Gd-DTPA.- 14.2 Skull Base, Face, and Neck.- 14.3 Technique and Prospects.- 15 Clinical Application of Magnetic Resonance Angiography.- 15.1 Selective Arterial MRA.- 15.1.1 Technique and Indications.- 15.1.2 Normal Topography.- 15.1.3 Pathological Findings.- 15.2 Selective Venous MRA.- 15.2.1 Technique and Indications.- 15.2.2 Normal Topography.- 15.2.3 Pathologic Findings.- 16 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- 16.1 Technical Considerations.- 16.1.1 Introduction.- 16.1.2 Basic Physics of MRS.- 16.1.3 Field Strength.- 16.1.4 Appropriate Nuclei.- 16.1.5 Calculation of pH.- 16.1.6 Examples of Localization Techniques.- 16.1.7 MRS Investigation Procedure.- 16.2 Clinical Spectroscopy of the Head and Neck.- 16.2.1 Examination by Means of Surface Coils.- 16.2.2 Examination by Means of ISIS.- 16.2.3 Follow-Up Studies During Therapy.- 16.3 Discussion.- 16.4 Prospects.- 17 Conclusions.