Produktbild: Introduction to Soil Chemistry

Introduction to Soil Chemistry Analysis and Instrumentation

Fr. 173.00

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

17.02.2014

Herausgeber

Mark F. Vitha

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

376

Maße (L/B/H)

24/16.1/2.4 cm

Gewicht

721 g

Auflage

2nd Revised edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-118-13514-3

Beschreibung

Rezension

"The book is well suited as a good introduction for by measurement advanced students or for the professional entry. The comprehensive index is very helpful." ( Journal of Horticulture , 1 October 2014)

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

17.02.2014

Herausgeber

Mark F. Vitha

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

376

Maße (L/B/H)

24/16.1/2.4 cm

Gewicht

721 g

Auflage

2nd Revised edition

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-118-13514-3

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Introduction to Soil Chemistry
  • PREFACE xi

    INSTRUMENTAL METHOD ACRONYMS xiv

    COMMON HYPHENATED INSTRUMENTAL METHOD ABBREVIATIONS xv

    ABBREVIATED PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS xvi

    CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF SOIL CHEMISTRY 1

    1.1 The 19th Century 3

    1.2 The End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century 8

    1.3 The 20th Century 11

    1.4 The End of the 20th and the Beginning of the 21st Century 14

    1.5 Conclusion 15

    Problems 15

    References 16

    Bibliography 18

    CHAPTER 2 SOIL BASICS PART I: LARGE FEATURES 19

    2.1. Horizonation 28

    2.2 Peds 33

    2.3 Soil Color 36

    2.4 Soil Naming 38

    2.5 The Landscape 39

    2.6 Relationship of Large Features to Soil Chemistry, Soil Analysis, and Instrumentation 40

    2.7 Conclusions 42

    Problems 42

    References 43

    Bibliography 43

    CHAPTER 3 SOIL BASICS PART II: MICROSCOPIC TO ATOMIC ORBITAL DESCRIPTION OF SOIL CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 44

    Soil Components Independent 45

    3.1 Soil Solids 45

    Soil Components Interacting 53

    3.2. Bonding Considerations 53

    Soil Components in Combination 58

    3.3 Surface Features 58

    3.4 Energy Considerations 60

    3.5 Reaction Paths 61

    3.6 Steric Factors 62

    3.7 Rate Factors 62

    3.8 All Factored Together 63

    3.9 Micelles 63

    3.10 Coated Surfaces 63

    3.11 Conclusions 65

    Problems 65

    References 66

    Bibliography 67

    CHAPTER 4 SOIL BASICS PART III: THE BIOLOGICAL AND ORGANIC COMPONENTS IN SOIL 68

    Biota of Soil 69

    4.1 Animals 69

    4.2 Plants 71

    4.3 Microorganisms 75

    Biological and Organic Chemicals of Soil 79

    4.4 Biochemical 79

    4.5 Bioorganic 81

    4.6 Organic Compounds 81

    4.7 Analysis 87

    4.8 Conclusions 89

    Problems 90

    References 90

    Bibliography 92

    Web Sites 92

    CHAPTER 5 SOIL BASICS PART IV: THE SOIL AIR AND SOIL SOLUTION 93

    5.1 Soil Air 94

    5.2 Water 95

    5.3 Solubility 98

    5.4 Elements in Solution 99

    5.5 Dissolved Gases 99

    5.6 Compounds in Solution 100

    5.7 Inorganic Ions in Solution 102

    5.8 Organic Ions in Solution 104

    5.9 Soil pH 105

    5.10 The Soil Solution around Particles 106

    5.11 Distribution between Soil Solids and Soil Solution 106

    5.12 Oxidative and Reductive Reactions in the Soil Solution 108

    5.13 Measuring Soil Water 109

    5.14 Conclusion 112

    Problems 112

    References 113

    Bibliography 114

    CHAPTER 6 SPECIATION 115

    6.1 Cations 118

    6.2 Anions 123

    6.3 Isolation of Species 128

    6.4 Sampling, Sample Storage, and Speciation 129

    6.5 Conclusions 130

    Problems 131

    References 131

    Bibliography 134

    CHAPTER 7 SOIL AND SOIL SOLUTION SAMPLING, SAMPLE TRANSPORT, AND STORAGE 135

    7.1 Field Sampling 136

    7.2 Sampling Cropped Land 147

    7.3 Environmental Sampling 148

    7.4 Other Environmental Sampling Situations 148

    7.5 Sample Transport and Storage 148

    7.6 Laboratory Sampling 149

    7.7 Sampling the Soil Solution 153

    7.8 Conclusions 155

    Problems 156

    References 157

    Bibliography 158

    CHAPTER 8 DIRECT AND INDIRECT MEASUREMENT IN SOIL ANALYSIS 159

    8.1 Direct Measurements 160

    8.2 Mediated Direct Measurement 166

    8.3 Indirect Soil Measurements 168

    8.4 Destructive Soil Analysis Methods 170

    8.5 Soil Solution 171

    8.6 Soil Solids 171

    8.7 Conclusions 172

    Problems 173

    References 173

    Bibliography 174

    CHAPTER 9 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS 175

    9.1 The Basic Electrochemical Cell 177

    9.2 Electricity Generation in Soil 177

    9.3 Potentiometry (Electrodes in Soil Measurements) 178

    9.4 Voltammetry 187

    9.5 Electrical Conductivity 187

    9.6 Time-Domain Reflectometry 188

    9.7 Porous Block 189

    9.8 Other Methods 189

    9.9 Conclusions 189

    Problems 190

    References 190

    Bibliography 192

    CHAPTER 10 TITRIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 193

    10.1 Soil Titration 195

    10.2 Titration of Soil pH 197

    10.3 Organic Matter 200

    10.4 Ammonia 200

    10.5 Kjeldahl: Organic Nitrogen 202

    10.6 Nitrite and Nitrate 203

    10.7 Carbonate Determination 204

    10.8 Halogen Ion Determination 205

    10.9 pH-Stat Titrations 206

    10.10 Conclusions 207

    Problems 207

    References 208

    CHAPTER 11 EXTRACTION OF INORGANICS 209

    11.1 Extraction Equipment 210

    11.2 Water as a Soil Extractant 211

    11.3 Acid Extractants 218

    11.4 Extractants for Basic Soils 222

    11.5 Microwave-Assisted Extraction 224

    11.6 Ultrasonic Extraction 225

    11.7 Sequential Extraction 225

    11.8 Ion Exchange Resin Extractions 226

    11.9 Surfactants 227

    11.10 Conclusion 227

    Problems 227

    References 228

    Bibliography 230

    CHAPTER 12 EXTRACTION OF ORGANICS 231

    12.1 Sampling Handling before Extraction 235

    12.2 Extraction Equipment 235

    12.3 Soil Organic Matter Extraction Solvents 243

    12.4 Cleanup 247

    12.5 Conclusion 250

    Problems 250

    References 251

    Bibliography 252

    CHAPTER 13 CHROMATOGRAPHY 254

    13.1 Fundamentals of Chromatography 256

    13.2 Gas Chromatography 257

    13.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 264

    13.4 Thin-Layer Chromatography 265

    13.5 Electrophoresis 267

    13.6 Identification of Compounds Separated by Chromatographic Procedures 268

    13.7 Quantification 270

    13.8 Conclusion 271

    Problems 271

    References 272

    Bibliography 273

    CHAPTER 14 SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTROMETRY 274

    14.1 Spectral Overlap 275

    14.2 Noise 276

    14.3 The Visible Region 277

    14.4 Ultraviolet Region 278

    14.5 Infrared Spectroscopy 280

    14.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 286

    14.7 Mass Spectrometry 287

    14.8 Atomic Spectroscopy 288

    14.9 Color Measurement: The Spectrophotometer 292

    14.10 Regression Analysis 296

    14.11 Relationship to the Original Sample 296

    14.12 X-ray Diffraction 297

    14.13 X-ray Fluorescence 297

    14.14 Remote Sensing 299

    14.15 Conclusion 299

    Problems 300

    References 300

    Bibliography 303

    CHAPTER 15 HYPHENATED METHODS IN SOIL ANALYSIS 304

    15.1 Sample Preparation 307

    15.2 Sample Destroyed 307

    15.3 Nondestructive Methods 313

    15.4 Triple Hyphenated Methods 314

    15.5 Conclusions 316

    Problems 316

    References 317

    Bibliography 318

    INDEX 320