Contributors to this Yearbook
Introducation
Olav Schram Stokke and 0ystein B. Thommessen
Current Issues and Key Themes
The Johannesburg Summit and Sustainable Development: How Effective are Environmental Mega conferences?
Gill Seyfang and Andrew Jordan
The Global Climate Change Regime: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead
Benito Mnller
Environmental Protection in the South Pacific: The Effectiveness of SPREP and its Conventions
Richard Herr
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty: A Ten-Year Review
Davor Vidas
The Ransar Convention o r z Wetlands: Has it Made a Difference?
Michael Bowman
Friends of the Earth International
Keith Suter
General Environmental Concerns
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Arhus Convention), htu~s1, 998
Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention), Espoo, 1991
Atmosphere
Annex 16, vol. E (Environmental Protection: Aircraft Engine Emissions) to the L944 Chicago Convention on
International Civil Aviation, Montreal, 198 1
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), Geneva, 1979
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal. 1987
Hazardous Substances
Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa (Bamako Convention), Bamako, 1991
Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangct.ous Goods by Road, Rail, and
Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989
Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention), Basel, 1989
Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in
International Trade (Rotterdam Convention on PIC), Rotterdam 1998
Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992
Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to
Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region
(Waigani Convention) Waigani, 1995
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways(ADN),
Geneva, 2000
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Geneva, 1957
FAO International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, Rome, 1985
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention on POPS), Stockholm, 2001
Marine Environment
Global Conventions
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention l972), London, 1972
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978
relating thereto (MARPOL. 73/78), London, 1973 and 1978
International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2002 (Bunkers Convention),
London 2001
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1969 (1969 CLC), Brussels, 1969, 1976, and 1984
International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution
Damage 1992 (1992 Fund Convention), London, 1992
International Convention on liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of
Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), London 1996
International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation (OPRC), London, 1990
International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties
(Intervention Convention), Brussels, 1961)
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention), Montego Bay, 1932
Regional Conventions
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (1992 Helsinki Convention), Helsinki, 1992
Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme
Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution (Bucharest Convention), Bucharest, 1992
Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region,
Cartagena de Indias, 1983
Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of
the Eastern African Region, Nairobi, 1985
Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollulion,
Kuwait, 1978
Convention for the Protection and Development of the Maine Environment and Coastal Region of
the Mediterranean Sea (Barcelona Convention), Barcelona, 1976
* Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment, Jeddah, 1982
* Convention for the Protection d the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacgc Region
(Noumea Convention), Noumea, 1986
* Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Zone of the South-East Pacific,
Lima, 1981
* Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 198 1
Marine Living Resources
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980
International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio tic Janeiro, 1966
International Convention for (he Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), Washington, 1946
Nature Conservation and Terrestrial Living Resources
Antarctic Treaty, Washington, DC, 1959
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), Paris, 1972
Convention on Biological Diversity (CRD), Nairobi, 1992
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), Bonn, 1979
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (SITPFS), Washington, DC, 1971
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention),
Ramsar. 1971
Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), Paris, 1994
FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Kome, 1983
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), Kome, 2001
International Tropical Tirnkr Agreement, 1994 @TA, 19941, Geneva, 1994
Nuclear Safety
Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Assistance Convention), Vienna, 1986
Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986
Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994
Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963
Freshwater Resources
Convention on the Protection of the Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
(ECE Water Convention). Helsmki, 1992
Tables of Agreements and Degrees of Participation, by Country
Intergovernmental Organizations
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)
European Union (EU): Environment
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (EAD)
International Labour Organization (IILO)
International Maritime Organization (MO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOW finds)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Basel Action Network (BAN)
Climate Action Network (CAN)
Consumers International (Cl)
Development (OECD), Environment Policy Committee @POC)
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (umo)
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
World Bank
World F a d Programme (WFP)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Trade Organization (WO)
Water Environment Federation (WEF)
Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO)
Earth Council 292 World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
Earthwatch institute
World Wide Fund For Nature
Environmental Liaison Centre International ( EICI)
European Environmental Bureau (EEB)
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Friends of the Earth International (FoEI)
Greenpeace International
International Chamber of Commerce ( ICC)
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Genetic Resource Action International (GRAIN)
Global Legislators for a Balanced Environment
International Institute for Sustainable Development
International Solar Energy Society (ISFS)
Regional Environmental Center for Central and IlJCN - The World Conservation Union
Eastern Europe (REC)
Pesticide Action Network (PAN)
Stakeholder Forum for OUTC
Sierra Club
United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison
Society for International Development (SE))
Service GJN-NGLSJ
Third World Network (TWN)
Tables of International Organizations and Degrees of Participation, by Country and Territory
Index
List of Articles
