Produktbild: E-Learning and the Science of Instruction

E-Learning and the Science of Instruction Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning

Fr. 89.90

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

29.04.2016

Abbildungen

mit Illustrationen

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

528

Maße (L/B/H)

26.1/18.2/3.5 cm

Gewicht

1128 g

Auflage

4. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-15866-0

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

29.04.2016

Abbildungen

mit Illustrationen

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

528

Maße (L/B/H)

26.1/18.2/3.5 cm

Gewicht

1128 g

Auflage

4. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-15866-0

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  • Produktbild: E-Learning and the Science of Instruction
  • Acknowledgments xvii
    Introduction 1
    1. e-Learning: Promise and Pitfalls 7
    Chapter Summary 7
    What Is e-Learning? 8
    Is e-Learning Better? 11
    Th e Promises of e?]Learning 14
    Th e Pitfalls of e?]Learning 18
    Inform and Perform e?]Learning Goals 19
    e?-Learning Architectures 20
    What Is Effective e-Courseware? 22
    Learning in e-Learning 24
    2. How Do People Learn from e-Courses? 29
    Chapter Summary 29
    How Do People Learn? 31
    Managing Limited Cognitive Resources During Learning 36
    How e-Lessons Affect Human Learning 39
    What We Don't Know About Learning 44
    3 Evidence?-Based Practice 49
    Chapter Summary 49
    What Is Evidence-Based Practice? 50
    Three Approaches to Research on Instructional Effectiveness 51
    What to Look for in Experimental Comparisons 55
    How to Interpret Research Statistics 57
    How Can You Identify Relevant Research? 59
    Boundary Conditions in Experimental Comparisons 60
    Practical Versus Theoretical Research 61
    What We Don't Know About Evidence-Based Practice 62
    4 Applying the Multimedia Principle: Use Words and Graphics Rather Than Words Alone 67
    Chapter Summary 67
    Do Visuals Make a Difference? 69
    Multimedia Principle: Include Both Words and Graphics 70
    Some Ways to Use Graphics to Promote Learning 74
    Psychological Reasons for the Multimedia Principle 76
    Evidence for Using Words and Pictures 77
    The Multimedia Principle Works Best for Novices 80
    Should You Change Static Illustrations into Animations? 81
    What We Don't Know About Visuals 84
    5 Applying the Contiguity Principle: Align Words to Corresponding Graphics 89
    Chapter Summary 89
    Principle 1: Place Printed Words Near Corresponding Graphics 91
    Violations of Contiguity Principle 1 94
    Psychological Reasons for Contiguity Principle 1 99
    Evidence for Contiguity Principle 1 100
    Principle 2: Synchronize Spoken Words with Corresponding Graphics 104
    Violations of Contiguity Principle 2 105
    Psychological Reasons for Contiguity Principle 2 107
    Evidence for Contiguity Principle 2 107
    What We Don't Know About Contiguity 108
    6 Applying the Modality Principle: Present Words as Audio Narration Rather Than On-Screen Text 113
    Chapter Summary 113
    Modality Principle: Present Words as Speech Rather Than On-Screen Text 115
    Limitations to the Modality Principle 117
    Psychological Reasons for the Modality Principle 119
    Evidence for Using Spoken Rather Than Printed Text 121
    When the Modality Principle Applies 126
    What We Don't Know About Modality 127
    7 Applying the Redundancy Principle: Explain Visuals with Words in Audio or Text But Not Both 131
    Chapter Summary 131
    Principle 1: Do Not Add On?-Screen Text to Narrated Graphics 133
    Psychological Reasons for the Redundancy Principle 135
    Evidence for Omitting Redundant On?]Screen Text 137
    Principle 2: Consider Adding On?-Screen Text to Narration in Special Situations 139
    Psychological Reasons for Exceptions to the Redundancy Principle 140
    Evidence for Including Redundant On-Screen Text 142
    What We Don't Know About Redundancy 144
    8 Applying the Coherence Principle: Adding Extra Material Can Hurt Learning 151
    Chapter Summary 151
    Principle 1: Avoid e?-Lessons with Extraneous Words 153
    Psychological Reasons to Avoid Extraneous Words in e-Learning 155
    Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added for Interest 156
    Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added to Expand on Key Ideas 158
    Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Words Added for Technical Depth 159
    Principle 2: Avoid e?]Lessons with Extraneous Graphics 159
    Psychological Reasons to Avoid Extraneous Graphics in e?-Learning 161
    Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Graphics Added for Interest 162
    Evidence for Using Simpler Visuals 165
    Can Interesting Graphics Ever Be Helpful? 167
    Principle 3: Avoid e?-Lessons with Extraneous Audio 168
    Psychological Reasons to Avoid Extraneous Audio in e-Learning 170
    Evidence for Omitting Extraneous Audio 170
    What We Don't Know About Coherence 172
    9 Applying the Personalization and Embodiment Principles: Use Conversational Style, Polite Wording, Human Voice, and Virtual Coaches 179
    Chapter Summary 179
    Personalization Principle: Use Conversational Rather Than Formal Style, Polite Wording Rather Than Direct Wording, and Human Voice Rather Than Machine Voice 182
    Psychological Reasons for the Personalization Principle 183
    Promote Personalization Through Conversational Style 185
    Promote Personalization Through Polite Speech 187
    Promote Personalization Through Voice Quality 189
    Embodiment Principle: Use Effective On?-Screen Coaches to Promote Learning 189
    What We Don't Know About Personalization and Embodiment 197
    10 Applying the Segmenting and Pretraining Principles: Managing Complexity by Breaking a Lesson into Parts 201
    Chapter Summary 201
    Segmenting Principle: Break a Continuous Lesson into Bite-Size Segments 203
    Psychological Reasons for the Segmenting Principle 206
    Evidence for Breaking a Continuous Lesson into Bite?-Size Segments 207
    Pretraining Principle: Ensure That Learners Know the Names and Characteristics of Key Concepts 209
    Psychological Reasons for the Pretraining Principle 210
    Evidence for Providing Pretraining in Key Concepts 212
    What We Don't Know About Segmenting and Pretraining 214
    11 Engagement in e?]Learning 219
    Chapter Summary 219
    What Is Engagement? 221
    When Behavioral Engagement Impedes Learning 224
    Engagement That Leads to Generative Processing 226
    A New View of Engagement 233
    What We Don't Know About Engagement 233
    12 Leveraging Examples in e?-Learning 239
    Chapter Summary 239
    What Are Worked Examples? 240
    The Psychology of Worked Examples 243
    Evidence for the Benefits of Worked Examples 243
    Principles to Optimize Benefits of Worked Examples 245
    Principle 1: Provide Worked Examples in Lieu of Problem Assignments When the Essential Load of the Lesson Is High 246
    Principle 2: Fade from Worked Examples to Problems 247
    Principle 3: Promote Self-Explanations 249
    Principle 4: Include Instructional Explanations of Worked Examples in Some Situations 252
    Principle 5: Apply Multimedia Principles to Examples 252
    Principle 6: Support Far Transfer 256
    What We Don't Know About Worked Examples 260
    13 Does Practice Make Perfect? 265
    Chapter Summary 265
    What Is Practice in e?-Learning? 267
    Is Practice a Good Investment? 270
    Principle 1: Add Sufficient Practice Interactions to e?]Learning to Achieve the Objective 271
    Principle 2: Mirror the Job 275
    Principle 3: Provide Effective Feedback 275
    Principle 4: Distribute and Mix Practice Among Learning Events 281
    Principle 5: Apply Multimedia Principles 285
    What We Don't Know About Practice 287
    14 Learning Together Virtually 293
    Chapter Summary 292
    What Is Collaborative Learning? 295
    What Is Computer?-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)? 297
    Principle 1: Consider Collaborative Assignments for Challenging Tasks 302
    Principle 2: Optimize Group Size, Composition, and Interdependence 304
    Principle 3: Match Synchronous and Asynchronous Assignments to the Collaborative Goal 305
    Principle 4: Use Collaborative Tool Features That Optimize Team Processes and Products 307
    Principle 5: Maximize Social Presence in Online Collaborative Environments 308
    Principle 6: Use Structured Collaboration Processes to Optimize Team Outcomes 309
    What We Don't Know About Collaborative Learning 311
    15 Who's in Control? Guidelines for e-Learning Navigation 317
    Chapter Summary 317
    Learner Control Versus Program Control 319
    Do Learners Make Good Instructional Decisions? 323
    Principle 1: Give Experienced Learners Control 327
    Principle 2: Make Important Instructional Events the Default 328
    Principle 3: Consider Alternative Forms of Learner Control 330
    Principle 4: Give Pacing Control to All Learners 331
    Principle 5: Offer Navigational Support in Hypermedia Environments 332
    Th e Bottom Line 335
    What We Don't Know About Learner Control 335
    16 e?-Learning to Build Thinking Skills 341
    Chapter Summary 341
    What Are Thinking Skills? 343
    Can Thinking Skills Be Trained? 347
    Principle 1: Focus on Explicit Teaching of Job-Relevant Thinking Skills 349
    Principle 2: Design Lessons Around Authentic Work Tasks or Problems 353
    Evidence for Problem?-Focused Instruction 358
    Principle 3: Define Job-Specific Thinking Processes 361
    What We Don't Know About Teaching Thinking Skills 363
    17 Learning with Computer Games 369
    Chapter Summary 369
    Do Games Have a Place in the Serious Business of Training? 371
    Which Features Improve a Game's Effectiveness? 372
    Does Game Playing Improve Cognitive Skills? 377
    Are Games More Effective Than Conventional Media? 382
    What We Don't Know About Learning with Computer Games 385
    18 Applying the Guidelines 391
    Chapter Summary 391
    Applying the Evidence?-Based Guidelines to e-Courses 391
    e?-Lesson Guidelines Checklist 396
    Review of Sample 1: Excel for Small Business 401
    Review of Sample 2: Synchronous Excel Lesson 406
    Review of Sample 3: Automotive Troubleshooting Simulation 409
    Reflections on Past Predictions 411
    Beyond 2016 in Multimedia Research 413
    References 419
    Glossary 451
    List of Tables and Figures 473
    Name Index 485
    Subject Index 493
    About the Authors 509