Part I
Extractive Metallurgy of Nuclear Metals
Chapter 1
Fundamental of Nuclear Metallurgy
1.1 Atomic Structure
1.2 Isotopes
1.3 Nuclear Binding Energy
1.4 Radioactivity
1.5 Rate of Radioactive Decay
1.6 Neutron Reaction
1.7 Cross-sections for Neutron Reactions
1.8 Multiplication Factors
1.9 Types of Reactor
1.10 Nuclear Fuel and Breeding Reaction
1.11 Cladding Materials
1.12 Processing of Nuclear Metals
1.12.1 Separation Processes
1.12.2 Extraction Techniques
1.13 Reprocessing of Irradiated Fuel
1.13.1 Cooling Irradiated Fuel Elements
1.13.2 Head-End Processes
1.13.3 Separations or Extraction Process
1.14 Radiation Damage
1.14.1 Atomic Displacement
1.14.2 Temperature Spikes
1.14.3 Physical Effects of Radiation
Chapter 2
Uranium
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources
2.3 Extraction of U from ore
2.3.1 Acid Leaching
2.3.2 Ion Exchange Separation
2.3.3 Production of Reactor Grade Nitrate
2.3.4 Production of Uranium Dioxide
2.3.5 Metallothermic Reduction of Uranium Compounds
2.4 High Purity U Metal
2.5 Properties
Chapter 3
Plutonium
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Sources
3.3 Extraction
3.3.1 Separation of Pu
3.3.2 Reduction to Pu Metal
3.4 Extraction of Pu from Spent Fuel
3.5 Properties
3.6 Application
Chapter 4
Zirconium
4.1 Introduction<
4.2 Sources
4.3 Production of Zr
4.3.1 Separation of Zr and Hf
4.3.2 Preparation of Zr oxide
4.3.3 Production of Zr- tetrachloride
4.3.4 Reduction of ZrCl4 by Mg or Na
4.4 Properties of Zr
4.5 Application of Zr
Chapter 5
Hafnium
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sources
5.3 Extraction
5.3.1 Separation of Zr and Hf
5.3.2 Preparation of HfO2
5.3.3 Production of Hf metal
5.4 Properties of Hf
5.5 Application of Hf
Chapter 6
Thorium
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sources
6.3 Extraction and Purification
6.3.1 Separation of Th Compound from Monazite
6.3.2 Th Oxalate Formation
6.3.3 Chlorination of Th Oxalate
6.3.4 Purification of ThCl4
6.3.5 Reduction of ThCl4
6.3.6 Purification of Th
6.4 Production of Thorium Powder
6.5 Production of Massive Thorium Metal
6.6 Properties
6.7 Application
Part II
Extractive Metallurgy of Common Metals
7 Copper
8 Aluminum
9 Zinc
10 Lead
11 Tin
12 Magnesium
13 Nickel
Part III
Extractive Metallurgy of Less Common/Ferro-Alloying Metals
Silicon
Manganese
Tungsten
Chromium
Vanadium
Molybdenum
Niobium and Tantalum
Part IV
Production of Ultra-High Purity Metals