Produktbild: Blazek, J: Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organi

Blazek, J: Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organi Rules, Checklists, Procedures

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

28.04.2020

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

944

Maße (L/B/H)

25.7/18.3/3.8 cm

Gewicht

1633 g

Auflage

6. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-54095-3

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

28.04.2020

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

944

Maße (L/B/H)

25.7/18.3/3.8 cm

Gewicht

1633 g

Auflage

6. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-54095-3

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  • Produktbild: Blazek, J: Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organi
  • List of Exhibits xiii

    Preface xvii

    About the Author xxiii

    Acknowledgments xxv

    Part I Qualifications of Tax-Exempt Organizations 1

    Chapter 1 Distinguishing Characteristics of Tax-Exempt Organizations 3

    1.1 Differences between Exempt and Nonexempt Organizations 10

    1.2 Nomenclature 13

    1.3 Ownership and Control 13

    1.4 Role of the Internal Revenue Service 14

    1.5 Suitability as an Exempt Organization 15

    1.6 Start-Up Tax and Financial Considerations 18

    1.7 Choosing the Best Form of Organization 22

    Chapter 2 Qualifying Under IRC 501(c)(3) 27

    2.1 Organizational Test 29

    2.2 Operational Test 36

    Chapter 3 Religious Organizations 59

    3.1 Types of Religious Organizations 60

    3.2 Churches 65

    3.3 Religious Orders 72

    3.4 Religious and Apostolic Associations 73

    Chapter 4 Charitable Organizations 75

    4.1 Relief of the Poor 77

    4.2 Promotion of Social Welfare 79

    4.3 Lessening the Burdens of Government 88

    4.4 Advancement of Religion 91

    4.5 Advancement of Education and Science 91

    4.6 Promotion of Health 92

    4.7 Cooperative Hospital Service Organizations 116

    Chapter 5 Educational, Scientific, and Literary Purposes and Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals 118

    5.1 Educational Purposes 119

    5.2 Literary Purposes 134

    5.3 Scientific Purposes 134

    5.4 Testing for Public Safety 139

    5.5 Fostering National or International Amateur Sports Competition (But Only If No Part of Its Activities Involves the Provision of Athletic Facilities or Equipment) 140

    5.6 Prevention of Cruelty to Children or Animals 141

    Chapter 6 Civic Leagues and Local Associations of Employees: 501(c)(4) 143

    6.1 Comparison of (c)(3) and (c)(4) Organizations 145

    6.2 Qualifying and Nonqualifying Civic Organizations 151

    6.3 Local Associations of Employees 155

    6.4 Neighborhood and Homeowner's Associations 157

    6.5 Disclosures of Nondeductibility 160

    Chapter 7 Labor, Agricultural, and Horticultural Organizations: 501(c)(5) 169

    7.1 Labor Unions 170

    7.2 Agricultural Groups 175

    7.3 Horticultural Groups 178

    7.4 Disclosures of Nondeductibility 179

    Chapter 8 Business Leagues: 501(c)(6) 180

    8.1 Basic Characteristics 181

    8.2 Meaning of "Common Business Interest" 181

    8.3 Line of Business 183

    8.4 Rendering Services for Members 186

    8.5 Sources of Revenue 192

    8.6 Membership Categories 193

    8.7 Member Inurement 194

    8.8 Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade 195

    8.9 Comparison to 501(c)(5) 195

    8.10 Recognition of Exempt Status 196

    8.11 Formation of a Related Charitable Organization 197

    8.12 Disclosures for Lobbying and Nondeductibility 199

    Chapter 9 Social Clubs: 501(c)(7) 200

    9.1 Organizational Requirements and Characteristics 202

    9.2 Member Inurement Prohibited 205

    9.3 Membership Requirements 207

    9.4 Revenue Tests 208

    9.5 Unrelated Business Income Tax 211

    9.6 Filing and Disclosure Requirements 217

    Chapter 10 Instrumentalities of Government and Title-Holding Corporations 218

    10.1 501(c)(1) Instrumentalities of the United States 218

    10.2 Governmental Units 219

    10.3 Qualifying for 501(c)(3) Status 223

    10.4 501(c)(2) Title-Holding Corporations 235

    10.5 501(c)(25) Title-Holding Corporations 239

    Chapter 11 Public Charities 241

    11.1 Distinctions between Public and Private Charities 242

    11.2 "Inherently Public Activity" and Broad Public Support: 509(a)(1) 245

    11.3 Community Foundations 259

    11.4 Service-Providing Organizations: 509(a)(2) 268

    11.5 Difference Between 509(a)(1) and 509(a)(2) 270

    11.6 Supporting Organizations: 509(a)(3) 282

    11.7 Testing for Public Safety: 509(a)(4) 296

    Part II Standards For Private Foundations 297

    Chapter 12 Private Foundations-General Concepts 299

    12.1 Why Private Foundations Are Special 299

    12.2 Special Rules Pertaining to Private Foundations 302

    12.3 Application of Taxes to Certain Nonexempt Trusts 310

    12.4 Termination of Private Foundation Status 311

    Appendix 12-1: Brief Description of Tax Sanctions Applicable to Private Foundations 335

    Excise Tax on Investment Income- 4940 Tax 335

    Chapter 13 Excise Tax Based on Investment Income: IRC 4940 339

    13.1 Formula for Taxable Income 341

    13.2 Capital Gains 348

    13.3 Ponzi Scheme Losses 354

    13.4 Deductions from Gross Investment Income 356

    13.5 Tax-Planning Ideas 361

    13.6 Foreign Foundations 365

    13.7 Timely Payment of Excise Tax 367

    13.8 Tax on Private Colleges and Universities 368

    13.9 Exempt Operating Foundations 369

    Chapter 14 Self-Dealing: IRC 4941 370

    14.1 Definition of Self-Dealing 371

    14.2 Sale, Exchange, or Lease of Property 374

    14.3 Loans 384

    14.4 Compensation 387

    14.5 Transactions that Benefit Disqualified Persons 399

    14.6 Payments to Government Officials 406

    14.7 Sharing Space, People, and Expenses 407

    14.8 Indirect Deals 410

    14.9 Property Held by Fiduciaries 412

    14.10 Issues Once Self-Dealing Occurs 415

    Chapter 15 Minimum Distribution Requirements: IRC 4942 420

    15.1 Assets Used to Calculate Minimum Investment Return 422

    15.2 Measuring Fair Market Value 428

    15.3 Distributable Amount 435

    15.4 Qualifying Distributions 438

    15.5 Private Operating Foundations 455

    15.6 Satisfying the Distribution Test 464

    Chapter 16 Excess Business Holdings and Jeopardizing Investments: IRC 4943 and 4944 471

    16.1 Excess Business Holdings 471

    16.2 Jeopardizing Investments 480

    16.3 Program-Related Investments 487

    16.4 Penalty Taxes 492

    Chapter 17 Taxable Expenditures: IRC 4945 498

    17.1 Lobbying 500

    17.2 Voter Registration Drives 506

    17.3 Grants to Individuals 506

    17.4 Grants to Public Charities 519

    17.5 Grants to Foreign Organizations 530

    17.6 Expenditure Responsibility Grants 532

    17.7 Noncharitable Expenditures 546

    17.8 Excise Taxes Payable 547

    Appendix 17-1: Examples of Emergency, Hardship Grant Application, Church and Foreign Equivalency Grants 549

    Part III Obtaining and Maintaining Tax-Exempt Status 583

    Chapter 18 IRS Filings, Procedures, and Policies 585

    18.1 IRS Determination Process 586

    18.2 Annual Filing of Forms 990 595

    18.3 Reporting Organizational Changes to the IRS 607

    18.4 Weathering an IRS Examination 613

    18.5 When an Organization Loses Its Tax-Exempt Status 618

    Chapter 19 Maintaining Exempt Status 620

    19.1 Checklists 620

    Chapter 20 Private Inurement and Intermediate Sanctions 643

    20.1 Defining Inurement 646

    20.2 Salaries and Other Compensation 648

    20.3 Setting Salary 650

    20.4 Housing and Meals 652

    20.5 Purchase, Lease, or Sale of Property or Services 653

    20.6 Loans and Guarantees 654

    20.7 For-Profit to Nonprofit and Vice Versa 655

    20.8 Services Rendered for Individuals 656

    20.9 Joint Ventures 658

    20.10 Intermediate Sanctions 659

    Chapter 21 Unrelated Business Income 671

    21.1 IRS Scrutiny of Unrelated Business Income 673

    21.2 History of the Unrelated Business Income Tax 674

    21.3 Consequences of Receiving UBI 675

    21.4 Definition of Trade or Business 677

    21.5 What is Unrelated Business Income? 680

    21.6 "Regularly Carried On" 681

    21.7 "Substantially Related" 683

    21.8 Unrelated Activities 688

    21.9 The Exceptions 710

    21.10 Income Modifications 717

    21.11 Calculating and Minimizing Taxable Income 727

    21.12 Debt-Financed Property 736

    21.13 Museums 743

    21.14 Travel Tours 745

    21.15 Publishing 746

    Chapter 22 Relationships with Other Organizations and Businesses 750

    22.1 Creation of (c)(3) by (c)(4), (5), or (6) 751

    22.2 Alliances with Investors 755

    22.3 Creation of a For-Profit Corporate Subsidiary 759

    22.4 Active Business Relationships 762

    Chapter 23 Electioneering and Lobbying 765

    23.1 Election Campaign Involvement 766

    23.2 Voter Education versus Candidate Promotion 772

    23.3 Tax on Political Expenditures 777

    23.4 Lobbying Activity of 501(c)(3) Organizations 786

    23.5 Permissible Amounts of Lobbying 793

    23.6 Lobbying Limits for 501(c)(4), (5), (6), and Other Exempt Organizations 796

    23.7 Advocacy and Nonpartisan Analysis 797

    Chapter 24 Deductibility and Disclosures 799

    24.1 Overview of Deductibility 800

    24.2 The Substantiation and Quid Pro Quo Rules 812

    24.3 Valuing Donor Benefits 820

    24.4 Unrelated Business Income Aspects of Fund-Raising 824

    24.5 State and Local Regulations 825

    Chapter 25 Employment Taxes 826

    25.1 Distinctions Between Employees and Independent Contractors 828

    25.2 Ministers 835

    25.3 Reporting Requirements 839

    Chapter 26 Mergers, Bankruptcies, and Terminations 844

    26.1 Mergers and Other Combinations 844

    26.2 Bankruptcy 849

    26.3 Terminations 852

    Table of Cases 855

    Table of IRS Revenue Rulings 867

    Table of IRS Procedures 873

    Index 875