Produktbild: Design, Modeling and Reliability in Rotating Machinery

Design, Modeling and Reliability in Rotating Machinery

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

08.02.2022

Herausgeber

Perez Robert X.

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

384

Maße (L/B/H)

23/15.4/2.4 cm

Gewicht

454 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-63168-2

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

08.02.2022

Herausgeber

Perez Robert X.

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

384

Maße (L/B/H)

23/15.4/2.4 cm

Gewicht

454 g

Auflage

1. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-63168-2

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  • Produktbild: Design, Modeling and Reliability in Rotating Machinery
  • Preface xiii

    Acknowledgements xv

    Part 1: Design and Analysis 1

    1 Rotordynamic Analysis 3
    By William D. Marscher

    Introduction 3

    Rotor Vibration - General Physical Concepts 4

    Rotor Vibration - Mathematical Description 6

    Natural Frequencies and Resonance 6

    Critical Speed Analysis 10

    Phase Angle, and Its Relationship to Natural Frequency 15

    Gyroscopic Effects 16

    Accounting for Bearings 18

    Cross-Coupling Versus Damping and "Log Dec" 20

    Annular Seal "Lomakin Effect" 21

    Fluid "Added Mass" 23

    Casing and Foundation Effects 24

    Lateral Vibration Analysis Methods for Turbomachinery and Pump Rotor Systems 25

    Manual Methods Single Stage 25

    Computer Methods 26

    Forced Response Analysis 30

    Mechanical Excitation Forces 32

    Balance 32

    Fluid Excitation Forces 37

    Impeller Reaction Forces 37

    Impeller Active Forces 38

    Rotordynamic Stability 43

    Subsynchronous Whirl & Whip 43

    Stabilizing Component Modifications 47

    Vertical Turbine Pump Rotor Evaluation 48

    Conclusions 51

    Nomenclature 52

    Acknowledgements 53

    References 53

    2 Torsional Analysis 57
    By William D. Marscher

    Introduction 58

    General Concerns in the Torsional Vibration Analysis of Pump and Turbomachinery Rotor Assemblies 58

    Predicting Torsional Natural Frequencies 59

    Torsional Excitations 63

    Torsional Forced Response 68

    Case History 72

    Conclusions 73

    Nomenclature 79

    Acknowledgements 79

    References 80

    3 Hydrodynamic Bearings 83
    By John K. Whalen

    API Mechanical Equipment Standards for Refinery Service 83

    Bearings 84

    Hydrodynamic Lubrication 85

    Tower's Experiments 86

    Reynolds Equation 88

    Stribeck Curve 93

    Journal Bearings 94

    Dynamic Coefficients 101

    Tilting Pad Journal Bearings 103

    Pivot Types 107

    Lubrication Methods 117

    Thrust Bearings 120

    A Note on Thrust Bearing Diameters 122

    Fixed Geometry Thrust Bearings 122

    Pivot Types 127

    Lubrication 127

    Increasing Load Capacity 130

    Babbitt 131

    Polymer-Lined Bearings 132

    Current and Future Work 134

    References 135

    4 Understanding Rotating Machinery Data Trends and Correlations 139
    By Robert X. Perez

    Pattern Recognition 139

    Static Versus Dynamic Data 141

    Trends 142

    Flat Trends 142

    Trends with Step Changes 144

    Upward and Downward Trends 146

    Cyclic Trends 148

    Is It the Machine or the Process? 148

    Correlations 149

    "Correlation Does Not Imply Causation" 151

    Combination Trends 154

    Exponential Growth Trends 155

    Erratic Trends 160

    Induced Draft Fan Experiences Unpredictable Vibration 160

    Erratic Vibration Related to Rotor Instability 161

    Some Rules of Thumb 162

    5 An Introduction to Sizing General Purpose Steam Turbines 165
    By Robert X. Perez and David W. Lawhon

    Why Do We Use Steam Turbines? 165

    How Steam Turbines Work 165

    Steam Generation 167

    Waste Heat Utilization 168

    The Rankine Cycle 169

    General Purpose Steam Turbine Sizing 170

    General Purpose, Back Pressure, Steam Turbines 170

    Single Stage Back Pressure Steam Turbine 170

    Sizing Procedure 171

    Closing Comments 185

    6 Making the Business Case for Machinery Upgrades 187
    By Robert X. Perez

    Payback Time Examples 190

    Closing Thoughts 193

    Part 2: Compressors 195

    7 Selecting the Best Type of Compressor for Your Application 197
    By Robert X. Perez

    Example of How to Convert from SCFM to ACFM 200

    Compressibility Factor (Z) 200

    Compressor Selection Example 201

    Summary 205

    Addendum 207

    Demystifying Compressor Flow Terms 207

    Ideal Gas Law 208

    Examples of How to Convert from SCFM to ACFM 210

    Visualizing Gas Flow 211

    Compressibility Factor (Z) 212

    8 Compressor Design: Range versus Efficiency 215
    By James M. Sorokes

    Introduction 215

    Critical Parameters/Nomenclature 216

    Operating Requirements 223

    Critical Components 225

    Impellers 225

    Inlet Guides 232

    Diffusers 235

    Return Channels 238

    Other Components 240

    Aerodynamic Matching 243

    Stage Components 243

    Stage to Stage 245

    Operating Conditions 246

    Movable Geometry - Optimizing Range and Efficiency 248

    Concluding Remarks 251

    Disclaimer 251

    Acknowledgements 251

    References 252

    9 Understanding Reciprocating Compressor Rod Load Ratings 255
    By Robert X. Perez

    Introduction 255

    Basic Theory 256

    Gas Loads 256

    Piston Rod Loads 260

    Crosshead Pin Loads 261

    Crankpin Loads 262

    History of "Rod Loads" 262

    Glossary of Terms 265

    User's Perspective 266

    Performance Study to Evaluate Compressor Re-Rate 268

    Combined Load Exceeds Gas Load 269

    Distorted Pressure Measurements = Distorted Rod Loads 269

    Conclusions 271

    Reference 271

    10 How Internal Gas Forces Affect the Reliability of Reciprocating Compressors 273
    By Robert Perez, Robert Akins and Bruce McCain

    Gas Loads 274

    Non-Reversing Gas Loads 277

    Non-Reversing Rod Conditions Matrix 279

    Non-Reversing Gas Load Examples 281

    "One Failure from Disaster" 283

    Ways to Protect Your Compressor 285

    Closing Remarks 285

    Robert Akins 286

    Acknowledgements 286

    Part 3: Pumps 287

    11 Should You Use a Centrifugal Pump? 289
    By Robert X. Perez

    Net Positive Suction Head - NPSH 296

    Ways to Increase the Margin Between the NPSHa and the NPSHr 302

    Summary 306

    12 Practical Ways to Monitor Centrifugal Pump Performance 307
    By Robert X. Perez

    Why Use Centrifugal Pumps? 307

    Head Versus Pressure 309

    Centrifugal Pump Performance 311

    Assessing Centrifugal Pump Performance 313

    Summary 317

    Addendum 319

    Determining the Best Two-Parameter Analysis Method for a Centrifugal Pump 319

    13 Using Electric Motor Horsepower to Protect Centrifugal Pumps Operating in Parallel Flow Applications: A Case Study 325
    By Robert X. Perez and Glenn Everett

    The Problem 325

    Solution 327

    Results 331

    Conclusions 332

    Addendum 332

    A Simplified Method of Determining the Efficiency of a Motor-Driven Centrifugal Pump 332

    The Traditional Analysis Method 333

    A Simplified Alternative Assessment Method 334

    Example 335

    14 Mechanical Seals and Flush Plans 337
    By Robert X. Perez

    Recommendations for Optimizing the Service Lives of Mechanical Seals 337

    Liquid Properties 339

    Expected Seal Cavity Pressure 340

    Sealing Temperature 340

    Liquid Characteristics 340

    Reliability and Emission Concerns 340

    Single or Double Seal? 341

    Seal Flush Plans 342

    Parting Advice 350

    About the Editor 351

    About the Contributors 353

    Index 357