The Islamic Months
The Ottoman Sultans, c1300-1687
List of Illustrations
Preface
Maps
Figures
Chapter I: The Dynasty: Legitimation and Titulature
Section 1: The Assertions of the Chroniclers
- The voice of the dervishes: the dream of Ertogrul
a. From the Anonymous Chronicles
b. From the Tevarikh-i Al-i ¿O¿man
- The voice of the gazis: how ¿Osman became an independent ruler
- The voice of the ¿ulema: how ¿Osman became an independent ruler
a. Kitab-i Cihan-nüma about why ¿Osman is called gazi
b. Kitab-i Cihan-nüma about how drum and standard came to ¿Osman
- Pagan Turkish tradition: the genealogy of the Ottoman sultans
a. Yazicioglu 'Ali on the line of ¿Osman
b. Sükrullah on the line of ¿Osman
- Conflation in the Oxford Anonymous Chronicle
Section 2: Titulature: Caliphal Claims
- Inscription of Kay¿osrev II (1236-46) on the sea walls at Antalya
- Inscription on the tomb of the Aydin-oglu Mu¿ammad (d. 1334) at Birgi
- Inscription of 1337. from the Sehadet Mosque in Bursa
- Inscription from a bridge in Ankara, dated 1375
- Other inscriptions referring to Murad I
- Dedicatory notice in a Qur¿an preserved in the mausoleum of Murad I
- Inscription on the tomb of Bayezid I, dated 809/1406-7
- Title-page of an almanac (in Persian), dated 824. (1421)
- A reference in ¿ursun Beg's History of Me¿med II
- A reference in Celalzade's History of Süleyman I
- Ebu¿s-Su¿ud's proemium to his statement on 'state lands'
- The second deposition of Mu¿¿afa I, 1623
- Fatwas on the Ghalzay Ashraf, 1726
- Süleyman I to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, 1554
Sources
Chapter II: The Dynasty: Princes
Section 1: The Appointment of Princes in the Early Fourteenth Century
- ¿Osman's sons
- Or¿an's sons
- Or¿an's sons, after the conquest of Nicaea
Section 2: Princely Governorships
- Prince ¿orkud leaves Istanbul for his governorship
- A letter from Prince ¿Alemsah's mother Gülru¿ to Bayezid II
- A decree of Prince A¿med to the yaya yoldaslar
- A decree of Prince Selim [II]
- A decree of Prince Me¿med [III]
Section 3: Fratricide
- Statement of the former Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos
- The accession of Bayezid I, 1389
a. From the Anonymous Chronicles
- The civil war (1402-13)
- The accession of Murad II, 1421
- The accession of Bayezid II, 1481
- The first accession of Me¿med II, 1444
- The second accession of Me¿med II, 1451
a. From Michael Doukas's Historia Turco-Byzantina
b. From Ibn Kemal's Tevârih-i Âl-i Osmân
- Popular criticism of fratricide: the story of the abdication of ¿Ali Pasha
- The accession of Me¿med III, 1595
- The accession of A¿med I, 1603
Sources
Chapter III: The Dynasty: Recruitment into the Sultan's Service
Section 1: Pencik and Devsirme
- A decree regulating the pencik
- Tolls to be levied on slaves taken across the Bosphorus
- A template decree for levying boys for the devsirme
- A Janissary lobbies the sultan on behalf of his family
- Escaping the devsirme
- The recovery of a captured novice
Section 2: Promotion to the Sultan's Service
- Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1562/3
- Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1567/8
- Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1560/1
- Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1573/4
- Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1583
- The pay of palace servants: an account register from 1478
Section 3: Berats
- The appointment of a preacher in Bursa
- The appointment of a beglerbegi
- The appointment of a ¿a¿i
- The appointment of a metropolitan
- The appointment of mountain guards
Sources
Chapter IV: The Vizierate and the Divan
- The A¿af-name of Lu¿fi Pasa
- The divan: a Venetian account
- Submissions to the sultan
a. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
b. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
c. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
d. Submission of the vizier Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
e. Submission of Yemisçi ¿asan Pasa
f. Submission of the grand vizier Me¿med Pasa
- The sultan's written instructions
- Death of a grand vizier: report of Henry Lello
Sources
Chapter V: The Provincial Administration and the Timar System
- From the report of Iacopo de Promontorio, c1475-80
- An entry in a timar-register, with marginal notes
a. Timar of Inebegi and ¿üseyn, sons of ser¿asker ¿asan
b. [Possibly relating to the village of Yilinça]
c. [possibly relating to the village of Pirvol]
- Two entries from the detailed register of Amid, 1518
a. Timar of Yemini the Kurd, a sipahi of the sanca¿ of Amid
b. Timar of Sa¿du¿llah the ya¿avul, a sipahi of the sanca¿ of Amid
- Sundry marginal notes in a summary-register of c1445, Thessaloniki etc.
- Marginal notes in a similar register of 1455, Skopje
a. Timar of Musa, retainer (¿idmetkar) of ¿Isa Beg
b. Timar of Yusuf, kinsman of the mir-a¿ur ¿amza Beg
- Two timar grants
a. Thessaloniki: the timar of Me¿med
b. Yala¿abad [in the sanca¿ of] ¿ocaeli
- Conversion of privately-owned revenue to a ¿a¿¿-estate
- A call for volunteers before the Moldavian campaign, 1484
- Submissions by and to the sanca¿ begi of Bosnia, c1512-14
a. The sanca¿ begi of Iskodra to Yunus Pasa of Bosnia
b. The sancak begi of Zvornik to Yunus
c. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the na¿ib of Visoka
d. The sanca¿ begi of Bosnia to the Porte
e. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Porte
f. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Porte
g. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Pasa
h. The sanca¿begi of Bosnia to the Pasa
- 'The good old days'
Sources
Chapter VI: The Religio-Legal Institution
Section 1: Law and Religious Practice
- Passages on the law of sale from ¿anafi legal texts
a. From al-Matn of al-Quduri (d. 1037)
b. From al-Ikhtiyar fi ta¿lil al-Mukhtar of al-Mu¿ili (d. 1284)
c. From al-Fatawa of Qa¿ikhan (d. 1195)
- A fatwa on the application of Shafi¿i doctrine
- A fatwa on acquiring land for a new mosque construction
- A fatwa on taxing land occupied by descendants of the Prophet
- A fatwa on a ¿a¿i granting unauthorised tax exemptions
- A fatwa on Rumelian ¿a¿is issuing ¿üccets
- A fatwa on sipahis taking a tithe
- A fatwa on Muslim villagers neglecting prayer
- A fatwa on money fines for neglecting prayer
- A fatwa on executing a repentant heretic sey¿
- Command to the sanca¿begi of Amasya
- Command to the sanca¿begi of Amasya, Ilyas beg
- To the sanca¿begi of Kastamonu and the ¿a¿i of Küre
- To the ¿a¿i of Niksar
Section 2: The Administration of Law
- A ¿üccet on repairs to a monastery on Mount Athos
- A ¿üccet on returning a defective slave-girl to the vendor
- A sicill-entry on the sale of a vacant site by a Muslim to a dhimmi
- A sicill-entry on a debt owed by a dhimmi to a Muslim
- A sicill-entry on a money loan
- A sicill-entry on the daughter of a recent convert
- A sicill-entry on divorce and the legality of the wife's second marriage
- A sicill-entry on cloth measuring short
- A sicill-entry on unsatisfactory goods
- A sicill-entry on a complaint by the weavers' guild
- A sicill-entry on a smith not receiving his dues
- A sicill-entry on the payment of tax on a slave girl
- A sicill-entry on the ownership of sheep
- A sicill-entry on a burglary
- A sicill-entry on a violent argument between father and son
- A sicill-entry of a command to the sanca¿begis and ¿a¿is of Ana¿oli
- A sicill-entry of a command to the ¿a¿i and the inspector of mu¿a¿a¿as
- A fatwa on contracting marriage between minors
- A fatwa on the validity of contracting marriage without the ¿a¿i
- A fatwa on re-marrying without intermediate marriage
- A fatwa on giving customs money as zakat
- A fatwa on giving alms
- A fatwa on a preacher's statement about a ¿a¿i
- A fatwa on the testimony of foreign merchants (¿arbi) against a dhimmi
- A fatwa on a Christian woman's charitable endowment
- A fatwa on the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul and its surroundings
- A fatwa on slaves purchasing slaves of their own
- A fatwa on the sultan's slaves contracting marriages
- A fatwa on a ¿a¿i acting outside his jurisdiction
- A fatwa on the dismissal of a debauched ¿a¿i
- A fatwa on the death of a falsely accused person after wrongful torture
- A fatwa on extortionate loan transactions
- A fatwa on tax income for sipahis
- A fatwa on tax income, including in kind, for sipahis
- A fatwa on bennak tax
- A fatwa on capitation tax (ispençe), grape tithe and taxes on pigs
- A fatwa on a rebellious son of the sultan
- A fatwa on those who lead the sultan astray
- A fatwa on deposing a sultan who disturbs order by accepting bribery
- A fatwa on the legality of killing fomenters of corruption
- A fatwa on punishment for a thief stealing from the imperial treasury
Sources
Chapter VII: ¿anunnames
- The 'Kraelitz text'
- The ¿anunname of ¿üdavendgar, 1487
- Extracts from the 'general' ¿anunname, c1500
- The ¿anunname of Siverek, 1518
- The ¿anunname of Sis, 1518
- The ¿anunname of Nikopol, reign of Süleyman I
a. Instructions on dealing with the timars of the district
b. Exposition of the ¿anunname of the voynu¿s
- Extracts from the ¿anunname of Egypt, after 1525
Sources
Chapter VIII: Taxation and Finance
- Annual income and expenditure of the Imperial Treasury
a. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure, c1475-80
b. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure for the years 1527-8
- Customs and mu¿a¿a¿as
a. Entry from a register of mu¿a¿a¿as
b. Entry from a register of mu¿a¿a¿as
c. A decree granting a mu¿a¿a¿a
d. The problems of a tax-farmer
e. Demand for the delivery of payment due from a tax-farm
f. Tax avoidance
g. Tax arrangements in newly conquered fortified towns
h. A command written to the ¿a¿i and the fortress-commander of Kili
- Silver mines
a. Instructions to a farmer of silver mines
b. Extract from a register for Bosnia, 1489
- Jizya
a. Instructions to a jizya-collector
b. Two extracts from a jizya register
c. Accounts for the jizya of the infidels of the vilayet of Menlik
- Debasement of the coinage
a. Debasement under Me¿med II
b. A debasement heralds a mutiny
Sources
Chapter IX: Waqfs
Section 1: Foundation and Function
- Founding a waqf
- A vizieral waqf
- A new waqf
- Waqfs established by conquerors and colonisers
a. The waqf of Murad I
b.The waqf of the ¿aru Sey¿
c. Note protecting dervishes who descend from the district's conqueror
- The Waqf of Musa
a. A note on the village of ¿izil Delü, 1412
b. A register entry on the waqf of ¿izil Delü, sixteenth century
c. A renewed berat for ¿izil Delü Sultan's waqf, 1641/2
d. An undated register entry on the waqf of ¿izil Delü
e. Note appended to an undated register entry on the waqf of ¿izil Delü
- The Waqf of Or¿an
- Waqfs in decline
a. The Waqf of Dervis Bayezid in Seydi Kavagi
b. The Waqf of Sagri ¿atun
c. Waqf of the zaviye of ¿a¿i ¿ala¿u¿d-Din
- The waqfiya of Selçük bint ¿Abdu¿llah, freedwoman of Me¿med
Section 2: Problems
- A cash and family waqf
- Cash and charitable waqfs
a. The Waqf of charitable donors (erbab-i ¿ayrat) in the quarter
b. Waqf of charitable donors
c. Waqf of ¿acci Me¿med in the village of Seynelü
d. The Waqf of ¿acci ¿asan b. Uruc the Felter
- Cash waqfs: Questions of legality
a. A question on donating profit from interest
b. A question on interest
c. A question on using legal devices
d. A question on making restitution for not lending out waqf moneys
Sources
Chapter X: Treaties and Foreign Relations
- The Genoese treaty with Murad I, 1387
- The Byzantine-Turkish Treaty of 1403
- The peace settlement of 1444
a. The sworn statement of Ibrahim Beg of ¿araman, 1444
b. The Treaty of Edirne, 1444
- A grant of peace and of free passage for merchants
- An offer to pay tribute
- The peace terms offered by Süleyman I to Charles V, 1547
- The English capitulations, 1580
- The troubles of an ambassador
- Latin text of the agreement at Zsitva-Torok, 1606
Sources
Glossary; Bibliography; Index