Preface
Part I: Introduction to Structural Geology
Chapter 1: The Nature of Structural Geology and Structures
Prelude: Moines Thrust What is Structural Geology? What are geologic structures? How do we understand geologic structures? Why this book? Let¿s go!
Chapter 2: Getting Started in Structural Analysis
Prelude: Taiwan Track Recognizing structures¿and Thinking Like a Structural Geologist Defining structural geometries Using Basic Strain Concepts Using Basic Stress Concepts Rheology, Geomechanics, and Rock Failure Brittle vs ductile regimes Regional tectonics and structural settings Putting Structural Analysis to Work
Part II: Brittle Deformation
Chapter 3: Fractures and Joints
Prelude: The Burren Entering the World of Fracturing Overview of Fractures and Fracture-Related Structures Field-based Fracture Analysis Properties of Joints in Outcrops Examining Whole Systems of Fractures
Chapter 4: Joints and the Mechanics of Opening-mode Fracturing
Prelude: Rock Strength Tests, and Teaching Road Map Stress-Strain Primer Creating Opening-mode Fractures in the Laboratory Microcracks and Tensile Failure Monitoring Microcracking and Fracturing Failure Criteria, i.e. Laws of Failure Fluid Pressure and the Development of Opening-mode Fractures Moving Forward to the Next Chapter
Chapter 5: Interpreting Regional Fracture Systems
Prelude: Cleats in Coalbeds, Western Pennsylvania Some Background Analysis of Primary Fracturing in Igneous Rocks Analysis of Stylolites and Associated Veins in Limestone Analysis of Jointin in Near-flat Lying Sedimentary Strata Analyzing od Jointing Associated with Large Individual Folds Analyzing of Joint Swarms and Fracture Corridors Analysis of Sheeting Joints, Fissures, and Craquelures
Chapter 6: Faults and Fault Zones
Prelude: Kuparuk River Field Recognizing Faults Individual Faults Fault Sets and Populations Fault Segments and Relays Fault Initiation and Growth Fault Zones and Fault Rocks Fault Displacements and Strain Practical Aspects of Faults
Chapter 7: The Mechanics of Faulting
Prelude: Reactivating Faults in the Lab The Fault Mechanics Mission Setting the Stage: Brittle Shear Failure The Mechanics of Shear Failure The Mechanics of Shear Reactivation The Mechanics of Thrust Faults Applications
Chapter 8: Interpreting Fault Systems
Prelude: Non-traditional Normal Faults at Chimney Rock The Significance of Systems of Faults Regional Fault Systems Reverse Fault Systems Normal Fault Systems Strike-slip Fault Systems Coupled Fault Systems Multi-phase Fault Systems Other Faults
Chapter 9: Folds
Prelude: The Sanctuary of Zeus Recognizing Folds Basic Fold Types and Forms Geometric Analysis of Folds Folds and Strain Practical Aspects of Folds
Chapter 10: The Mechanics and Kinematics of Folding and Fold-Fault Interactions
Prelude: Curvy Monoclines, Deep Faults, and Fracture Patterns Fold Kinematics and Mechanics Buckling Fault-related Folds and Forced Folding Fault Bend Folds Fault-propagation Folds Detachment Folds Listric Normal Faults and Hanging Wall Folds Folds (and Faults) Related to Salt and Shale¿and Magma Depositional Patterns Related to Faulting and Folding Structural Balance of Folds and Faults
Chapter 11: Interpreting Folds and Fault-Fold Systems
Prelude: Eastern Uinta Mountains Fault-fold Habitats and Systems Reverse Fault-fold Systems Normal Fault-fold Systems Strike-slip Fault-fold Systems Coupled Fault-fold Systems Multi-phase Fault Systems Salt Systems Other Fault-Fold Systems
Part III: Ductile Deformation
Chapter 12: Foliation, Lineation, and Shear Zones
Recognizing foliation and lineation Foliation Cleavage and ductile folds Lineation Geometric analysis of foliation and lineation Shear Zones Recognizing shear zones Types of shear zones Sense of shear Strain in shear zones Strain and fabric development
Chapter 13: The Formation of Foliation, Lineation, and Shear Zones
Metamorphic fabrics and strain and processes Crustal strength profiles Mechanics of foliation and lineation Strain analysis in shear zones
Chapter 14: Interpreting Structural Fabrics and Shear Zones
Analysis of metamorphic tectonites Analysis of shear zones Regional ¿high grade¿ systems
Part IV: Tectonics and Structural Systems
Chapter 15: Active Tectonics and Structural Geology
Prelude: The Denali Fault Active Tectonics and Active Kinematics Western United States The San Andreas Fault The Los Angeles Basin The Eastern California Shear Zone The Basin and Range The Wasatch Front Baja California and the Sea of Cortez Rift Alaska What Came Before
Chapter 16: Summary
What have we learned? Structures, systems, and tectonics Structural geology and other disciplines Structural geology and society Closing thoughts
Part V: Practical Methods for Structural Analysis
Chapter 17: Descriptive and Geometric Analysis
Objectives and methods Geologic mapping Mapping contact relationships Recognizing primary structures Measuring the orientations of structures Studying faults in the field Studying folds in the field Studying shear zones in the field Interpreting structures in the subsurface Geologic cross sections and validation Structure contour maps Orthographic projection Stereonets¿projecting and plotting lines and planes Stereonets¿angles and rotations Stereonets¿data sets and statistics
Chapter 18: Kinematic Analysis
Objectives and methods Mohr diagrams for strain Determining strain from structural systems
Chapter 19: Dynamic Analysis
Objectives and methods Relating faults to principal stress directions Relating joints to stress and mechanics Determining focal mechanisms for earthquakes
