Preface to the Fifteenth Edition xvii
Preface to the First Edition xix
Acknowledgements to the Fifteenth Edition xxi
Acknowledgements to the First Edition xxiii
Part 1: The Thorax
Introduction 3
Surface anatomy and surface markings 3
The trachea 4
The pleura 4
The lungs 6
The heart 6
The thoracic cage 7
The thoracic vertebrae 8
The ribs 8
The costal cartilages 11
The sternum 11
The intercostal spaces 12
The diaphragm 14
The pleurae 19
The lower respiratory tract 20
The trachea 20
The bronchi 24
The lungs 24
The mediastinum 29
The pericardium 31
The heart 32
The superior mediastinum 45
The thymus 46
The oesophagus 46
The thoracic duct 50
The thoracic sympathetic trunk 51
On the examination of a chest radiograph 53
Radiographic appearance of the heart 54
Part 2: The Abdomen and Pelvis
Surface anatomy and surface markings 59
Vertebral levels 59
Surface markings of individual viscera 61
The anterior abdominal wall 62
Fasciae of the anterior abdominal wall 62
The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall 64
The anatomy of abdominal incisions 66
The inguinal canal 68
Peritoneal cavity 70
Intraperitoneal fossae 74
The subphrenic spaces 74
The gastrointestinal tract 75
The stomach 75
The duodenum 81
Small intestine 83
Large intestine 83
The appendix 85
The rectum 87
Arterial supply of the intestine 92
The portal system of veins 93
Lymphatic drainage of the intestine 94
The structure of the alimentary canal 95
The development of the intestine and its congenital abnormalities 95
The gastrointestinal adnexae: liver gall bladder and its ducts pancreas and spleen 98
The liver 98
The biliary system 104
The gall bladder 105
The pancreas 107
The spleen 109
The urinary tract 111
The kidneys 111
The ureter 114
The embryology and congenital abnormalities of the kidney and ureter 116
The urinary bladder 117
The urethra 120
The male genital organs 122
The prostate 122
The scrotum 125
Testis and epididymis 126
Vas deferens (ductus deferens) 130
The seminal vesicles 130
The penis 130
The bony and ligamentous pelvis 131
The os innominatum 131
The sacrum 132
The coccyx 133
The functions of the pelvis 133
Joints and ligamentous connections of the pelvis 134
Differences between the male and female pelvis 134
Obstetrical pelvic measurements 136
Variations of the pelvic shape 137
Sacral (caudal) anaesthesia 139
The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum 139
The perineum 140
The urogenital triangle of perineum 141
The anal triangle of the perineum 143
The female genital organs 144
The vulva 144
The vagina 145
The uterus 146
The Fallopian tubes 151
The ovary 152
The endopelvic fascia and the pelvic ligaments 153
Vaginal examination 155
Embryology of the Fallopian tubes uterus and vagina 155
The posterior abdominal wall 157
The suprarenal glands 158
Abdominal aorta 158
Inferior vena cava 161
Lumbar sympathetic chain 161
Computed axial tomography 163
Part 3: The Upper Limb
Surface anatomy and surface markings of the upper limb 167
Bones and joints 167
Muscles and tendons 168
Vessels 168
Nerves 170
The bones and joints of the upper limb 172
The scapula 172
The clavicle 172
The humerus 174
The radius and ulna 176
The bones of the hand 178
The shoulder joint 180
The elbow joint 185
The wrist joint 187
The joints of the hand 188
Three important zones of the upper limb: the axilla the cubital fossa and the carpal tunnel 191
The axilla 191
The cubital fossa 192
The carpal tunnel 192
The arteries of the upper limb 194
The axillary artery 194
The brachial artery 194
The radial artery 195
The ulnar artery 195
The brachial plexus 195
The segmental cutaneous supply of the upper limb 199
The course and distribution of the principal nerves of the upper limb 199
The axillary nerve 199
The radial nerve 199
The musculocutaneous nerve 201
The ulnar nerve 201
The median nerve 201
Compartments of the upper limb 203
Compartments in the segments of the upper limb 203
Compartment syndrome 204
The female breast 204
Structure 204
Blood supply 205
Lymphatic drainage 205
Development 207
The anatomy of upper limb deformities 208
The spaces of the hand 211
The superficial pulp space of the fingers 212
The ulnar and radial bursae and the synovial tendon sheaths of the fingers 212
Part 4: The Lower Limb
Surface anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb 217
Bones and joints 217
Bursae of the lower limb 218
Mensuration in the lower limb 218
Muscles and tendons 221
Vessels 222
Nerves 224
The bones and joints of the lower limb 226
The os innominatum (os coxae hip bone) 226
The femur 226
The patella 231
The tibia 233
The fibula 235
A note on growing ends and nutrient foramina in the long bones 235
The bones of the foot 236
The hip joint 236
The knee joint 241
The tibiofibular joints 244
The ankle joint 244
The joints of the foot 247
The arches of the foot 247
The anatomy of walking 249
Three important zones of the lower limb: the femoral triangle adductor canal and popliteal fossa 250
The femoral triangle 250
The adductor canal (of Hunter) or subsartorial canal 254
The popliteal fossa 255
The arteries of the lower limb 257
Femoral artery 257
Popliteal artery 258
Posterior tibial artery 259
Anterior tibial artery 259
The veins of the lower limb 260
The course and distribution of the principal nerves of the lower limb 262
The lumbar plexus 262
The sacral plexus 264
The sciatic nerve 266
The tibial nerve 268
The common peroneal (fibular) nerve 268
Segmental cutaneous supply of the lower limb 269
Compartments of the lower limb 269
Compartments in the segments of the lower limb 271
Compartment syndrome 272
Part 5: The Head and Neck
Surface anatomy of the neck 275
Introduction 275
The fascial compartments of the neck 277
Tissue planes and fascial layers in the anterior part of the neck 277
The thyroid gland 281
The parathyroid glands 285
The palate 287
The development of the face lips and palate with special reference to their congenital deformities 287
The oral cavity tongue and floor of the mouth 290
The oral cavity 290
The tongue 290
The floor of the mouth 294
The pharynx 295
The nasopharynx 297
The oropharynx 298
The palatine tonsils 298
The laryngopharynx 300
The mechanism of deglutition 301
The larynx 303
Blood supply 305
Lymphatic drainage 305
Nerve supply 306
The salivary glands 309
The parotid gland 309
The submandibular gland 312
The sublingual gland 313
The major arteries of the head and neck 314
The common carotid arteries 314
The external carotid artery 314
The internal carotid artery 316
The subclavian arteries 318
The veins of the head and neck 321
The cerebral venous system 321
The intracranial dural venous sinuses 321
The internal jugular vein 323
The subclavian vein 325
The lymph nodes of the neck 327
The cervical sympathetic trunk 329
The branchial system and its derivatives 330
Branchial cyst and fistula 331
Surface anatomy and surface markings of the head 331
The scalp 333
The skull 335
Floor of the cranial cavity 339
Development 340
The paranasal sinuses (accessory nasal sinuses) 341
The frontal sinuses 342
The maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore) 343
The ethmoid sinuses 344
The sphenoidal sinuses 345
The mandible 345
Development 346
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 346
The teeth 347
The vertebral column 348
Morphology of a typical vertebra 349
Spinal motion segment 350
The cervical vertebrae (n = 7 ) 351
The thoracic vertebrae (n = 12) 354
The lumbar vertebrae (n = 5) 354
The sacrum (comprising 5 fused vertebrae) 355
The coccyx (comprising 3 4 or 5 fused vertebrae) 355
Extensor muscles of the vertebral column 355
Part 6: The Nervous System
Introduction 361
The brain 361
The brainstem 361
The cerebellum 364
The diencephalon 366
The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) 368
The cerebral hemispheres 369
The membranes of the brain and spinal cord (the meninges) 380
The ventricular system and the cerebrospinal fluid circulation 381
The spinal cord 385
Age differences 388
The membranes of the cord (the meninges) 389
The cranial nerves 392
The olfactory nerve (I) 392
The optic nerve (II) and the visual pathway 393
The oculomotor nerve (III) 395
The trochlear nerve (IV) 396
The trigeminal nerve (V) 397
The abducent nerve (VI) 402
The facial nerve (VII) 402
The auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve (VIII) 405
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) 406
The vagus nerve (X) 407
The accessory nerve (XI) 408
The hypoglossal nerve (XII) 409
The special senses 410
The nose 410
The ear 412
The eye and associated structures 415
The autonomic nervous system 421
The sympathetic system 424
The sympathetic trunk 425
The parasympathetic system 428
Glossary of eponyms 431
Index 000
