Preface xxi
Part I: Introduction to Healthcare Systems 1
1 Role of Technology in Healthcare Systems 3
A. Hency Juliet and K. Kalaiselvi
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Transformation in Healthcare 7
1.3 Technology Transformation in Healthcare Industry 14
1.4 Patient Care Improvement Using Healthcare Technology 16
1.5 Importance of Technology in Healthcare 18
1.6 Technology Impact on Healthcare 19
1.7 Innovation and Digital Transformation 21
1.8 Diagnostics' Role in Combatting Life-Threatening Diseases 23
1.9 Role of Medical Technology in Healthcare 25
1.10 Conclusion 27
2 Health Status Estimation based on Daily Life Activities 31
Josephine Anitha A. and Geetanjali R.
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Intersection of Technology and Healthcare 34
2.3 Unveiling the Technologies 38
2.4 Machine Learning Marvels: Unravelling Health Insights From Daily Life Activities 39
2.5 Data Collection and Processing in Daily Life Health Monitoring 41
2.6 Ethical Considerations, Data Privacy, and Regulatory Compliance 44
2.7 Potential Areas of Improvement 46
2.8 Challenges and Opportunities 47
2.9 Conclusion 49
3 Decision Support System in Healthcare Monitoring 55
V. Suganthi and K. Kalaiselvi
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Components of a Healthcare Monitoring System 65
3.3 Role of Decision Support System 70
3.4 Challenges in Implementing Decision Support Systems 72
3.5 Future Trends and Innovations 74
3.6 Conclusion 75
4 Vision-Based Management System in Healthcare Applications 79
K. Balasubramanian, Anu Tonk, Seema Bhakuni, S. Anita, Freddy Ajila and S. Sathish Kumar
4.1 Introduction 80
4.2 History 86
4.3 Tear Testing and Ocular Surface Analysis in a Clinical Examination 86
4.4 Other Ocular Surface Health-Related Clinical Examinations 89
4.5 Management of ADDE 95
4.6 Disease-Specific Therapy in ADDE 99
4.7 ADDE With NK 101
4.8 Unmet Needs and Future Directions 101
4.9 Conclusion 102
5 Semantic Framework in Healthcare Systems 107
Pooja Dabhowale, Mukesh Yadav, Nidhi Tiwari, Ruchi Sharma, Jose Anand A. and Irshad Ahamad
5.1 Introduction 108
5.2 Background 109
5.3 Internet of Things 111
5.4 Research Methodology 115
5.5 Theoretical Framework 117
5.6 Data Analysis 120
5.7 Conclusion 125
Part II: AI-Based System Models in Healthcare Applications 131
6 Predictive Analysis in Healthcare Systems 133
J. Sathya and F. Mary Harin Fernandez
6.1 Introduction 134
6.2 Related Work 136
6.3 Proposed System 142
6.4 Provide Support Tools and Visualizations to Aid in the Decision-Making Process 148
6.5 Conclusion 149
7 Machine Learning in Healthcare System 153
A. Hency Juliet and K. Sathya
7.1 Introduction 154
8 Deep Learning Applications in Healthcare Systems 179
V. Sheeja Kumari and Renjith Balu
8.1 Introduction 180
8.2 Fundamentals of Deep Learning 182
8.3 Deep Learning Architecture for Image Classification 194
8.4 Conclusion 200
9 Image Analysis for Health Prediction 205
Pulla Sujarani and K. Kalaiselvi
9.1 Introduction 206
9.2 Overview 208
9.3 Image Preprocessing 209
9.4 Image Filtering 211
9.5 Image Enhancement 213
9.6 Image Segmentation 215
9.7 Feature Extraction 219
9.8 Classification 222
9.9 Conclusion 226
10 Machine Learning in Biomedical Text Processing 229
Shibi Mathai and K. Kalaiselvi
10.1 Introduction 230
10.2 Fundamentals of ML for Text Processing 232
10.3 NLP Techniques in Biomedicine 233
10.4 NLP Techniques in Biomedicine 236
10.5 Feature Engineering and Selection in Biomedical Text 238
10.6 Applications of ML in Biomedical Text Mining 240
10.7 Evaluation Metrics and Model Validation 243
10.8 Ethical Considerations and Data Privacy 245
10.9 Future Directions and Challenges 246
10.10 Conclusion 247
11 Decision Making Biomedical Support System 253
V. Sheeja Kumari, J. Vijila and Renjith Balu
11.1 Introduction 254
11.2 System Architecture and Components 258
11.3 Machine Learning Algorithms 268
11.4 Expert Systems 269
11.5 Statistical Analysis Tools 270
11.6 User Interface 272
11.7 Interactivity for Healthcare Professionals 274
11.8 User-Friendly Design 275
11.9 Summary 277
Part III: Modernization and Future -- Healthcare Applications 281
12 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics with Machine Learning 283
M. Sowmiya, D. Bhanu, K. Shruthi, Punitha Jilt, B. Beaula Pinky and A. Yasmine Begum
12.1 Introduction 284
12.2 Establishing a Smart Sensor Network With the Help of AI 285
12.3 Impact of Nanotechnology and IoMT in Healthcare 292
12.4 Artificial Intelligence's Impact on the Surgery 297
12.5 The Importance of Artificial Intelligence in Treating Diabetes and Cancer 300
12.6 Challenges and Future Scope 304
12.7 Conclusions 305
13 Predicting Ventilation Needs in Intensive Care Unit 311
Yashini Priyankha S., S. Sumathi, T. Mangavarkarasi, Jose Anand A. and Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan
13.1 Introduction 312
13.2 AI-Based Predictive Models for Healthcare Ventilation Systems 313
13.3 AI Based Ventilator Weaning Predicting Unit 319
13.4 Predictive Applications of AI in Healthcare 321
13.5 AI Impacts on Ventilation Requirements 323
13.6 ICU and Healthcare Future With AI 324
13.7 Conclusion 325
14 Modernized Health Record Maintenance 329
K. Balasubadra, Franklin Baltodano, Indira Pineda, S. Mayakannan, Eduardo Hernández and Navin M. George
14.1 Introduction 330
14.2 Literature Survey 335
14.3 Materials and Methods 336
14.4 Having a Proper Strategy 345
14.5 A Common Database to be Maintained Like a Repository 345
14.6 The Database Must Have Genuine Data 345
14.7 Case Study and Applications 345
14.8 Conclusion 357
15 Natural Language Processing in Medical Applications 361
V. Prasanna Srinivasan, Evelyn Rosero, P. Sengottuvelan, Abhinav Singhal, Chandraketu Singh and S. Mayakannan
15.1 Introduction 362
15.2 Related Studies on Medical Systems - Use of Machine Learning 363
15.3 Health Data Formats in Medical Systems 365
15.4 Prototype of Algorithms and Data Conversion 367
15.5 Results and Discussion 371
15.6 Conclusions 384
16 Chat Bots for Medical Enquiries 389
K. Saravanan, Indira Pineda, Franklin Baltodano, Krunal Vishavadia, Vanessa Valverde and Jose Anand A.
16.1 Introduction 390
16.2 Artificial Intelligence - Chatbot: Components of Architecture 398
16.3 Artificial Intelligence - Chatbot: Models for Generating a Response 400
16.4 AI Chatbots: Methods and Technologies 402
16.5 A Development of Conversational Agents: State-of-the-Art Chatbots 406
16.6 AI Chatbots: Customer-Based Services 414
16.7 AI-Chatbots: Public Administration-Based Services 417
16.8 Chatbot Performance Evaluation 419
16.9 Conclusion 421
17 Secured Health Insurance Management 425
A. Ravisankar, P. Manikandan, Iskandar Muda, Shrinivas V. Kulkarni, Rolando Marcel Torres Castillo and Jose Anand A.
17.1 Introduction 426
17.2 Methods 431
17.3 Results 436
17.4 Discussion 440
17.5 Conclusion 445
18 Future of Healthcare Applications 449
Vettrivel Arul, Hitendra Kumar Lautre, T. Priya, Satish Kumar Verma, Freddy Ajila and Ramu Samineni
18.1 Introduction 450
18.2 A History of Blockchain Technology (1991 - 2021) 454
18.3 Motivations 457
18.4 Topmost Healthcare Projects in Blockchain Technology Based on Market Capital 459
18.5 Healthcare Applications for Blockchain Technology 463
18.6 Research Challenges and Future Direction 476
18.7 Conclusion 479
References 480
Index 483
