These studies proposed an innovative approach to enhance the performance of a solar still. The method first uses a stepped solar still. Later integrates the solar still with porous sponge sheets fixed to the vertical faces of the steps. This arrangement increases the surface area for water evaporation. Sponge materials support capillary action. Three configurations were tested: a conventional still, a 6-stepped still, and a 6-stepped still with sponge sheets. The amount of fresh water generated is The base still 298 mL/hr, 431.3 mL/hr, and 469 mL/hr in the three cases, respectively. The instantaneous efficiencies are 42%, 45%, and 50% at the maximum solar insolation time. Experimental studies analyzed temperature variations within the solar still. CFD studies are used for comparison. Finally, it is concluded that the stepped-cum-sponge type solar still produced about 58% more water than the conventional still. These studies support the draught areas in particular. The technology is patented, and details are presented in the book.
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