List of Contributors viii
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction: Logic, Philosophy, and Philosophical Logic - Dale Jacquette 1
Part I Historical Development of Logic 9
11 Ancient Greek Philosophical Logic - Robin Smith 11
12 History of Logic: Medieval - E. P. Bos and B. G. Sundholm 24
13 The Rise of Modern Logic - Rolf George and James Van Evra 35
Part II Symbolic Logic and Ordinary Language 49
14 Language, Logic, and Form - Kent Bach 51
15 Puzzles about Intensionality - Nathan Salmon 73
16 Symbolic Logic and Natural Language - Emma Borg and Ernest Lepore 86
Part III Philosophical Dimensions of Logical Paradoxes 103
17 Logical Paradoxes - James Cargile 105
18 Semantical and Logical Paradox - Keith Simmons 115
19 Philosophical Implications of Logical Paradoxes - Roy A. Sorensen 131
Part IV Truth and Definite Description in Semantic Analysis 143
10 Truth, the Liar, and Tarski's Semantics - Gila Sher 145
11 Truth, the Liar, and Tarskian Truth Definition - Greg Ray 164
12 Descriptions and Logical Form - Gary Ostertag 177
13 Russell's Theory of Definite Descriptions as a Paradigm for Philosophy - Gregory Landini 194
Part V Concepts of Logical Consequence 225
14 Necessity, Meaning, and Rationality: The Notion of Logical Consequence - Stewart Shapiro 227
15 Varieties of Consequence - B. G. Sundholm 241
16 Modality of Deductively Valid Inference - Dale Jacquette 256
Part VI Logic, Existence, and Ontology 263
17 Quantifiers, Being, and Canonical Notation - Paul Gochet 265
18 From Logic to Ontology: Some Problems of Predication, Negation, and Possibility - Herbert Hochberg 281
19 Putting Language First: The 'Liberation' of Logic from Ontology - Ermanno Bencivenga 293
Part VII Metatheory and the Scope and Limits of Logic 305
20 Metatheory - Alasdair Urquhart 307
21 Metatheory of Logics and the Characterization Problem - Jan Wole¿nski 319
22 Logic in Finite Structures: Definability, Complexity, and Randomness - Scott Weinstein 332
Part VIII Logical Foundations of Set Theory and Mathematics 349
23 Logic and Ontology: Numbers and Sets - José A. Benardete 351
24 Logical Foundations of Set Theory and Mathematics - Mary Tiles 365
25 Property-Theoretic Foundations of Mathematics - Michael Jubien 377
Part IX Modal Logics and Semantics 389
26 Modal Logic - Johan van Benthem 391
27 First-Order Alethic Modal Logic - Melvin Fitting 410
28 Proofs and Expressiveness in Alethic Modal Logic - Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing 422
29 Alethic Modal Logics and Semantics - Gerhard Schurz 442
30 Epistemic Logic - Nicholas Rescher 478
31 Deontic, Epistemic, and Temporal Modal Logics - Risto Hilpinen 491
Part X Intuitionistic, Free, and Many-Valued Logics 511
32 Intuitionism - Dirk van Dalen and Mark van Atten 513
33 Many-Valued, Free, and Intuitionistic Logics - Richard Grandy 531
34 Many-Valued Logic - Grzegorz Malinowski 545
Part XI Inductive, Fuzzy, and Quantum Probability Logics 563
35 Inductive Logic - Stephen Glaister 565
36 Heterodox Probability Theory - Peter Forrest 582
37 Why Fuzzy Logic? - Petr Hájek 595
Part XII Relevance and Paraconsistent Logics 607
38 Relevance Logic - Edwin D. Mares 609
39 On Paraconsistency - Bryson Brown 628
40 Logicians Setting Together Contradictories: A Perspective on Relevance, Paraconsistency, and Dialetheism - Graham Priest 651
Part XIII Logic, Machine Theory, and Cognitive Science 665
41 The Logical and the Physical - Andrew W. Hodges 667
42 Modern Logic and its Role in the Study of Knowledge - Peter A. Flach 680
43 Actions and Normative Positions: A Modal-Logical Approach - Robert Demolombe and Andrew J. I. Jones 694
Part XIV Mechanization of Logical Inference and Proof Discovery 707
44 The Automation of Sound Reasoning and Successful Proof Finding - Larry Wos and Branden Fitelson 709
45 A Computational Logic for Applicative Common LISP - Matt Kaufmann and J. Strother Moore 724
46 Sampling Labeled Deductive Systems - D. M. Gabbay 742
Resources for Further Study 771
Index 776
