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Produktbild: Migration and Fate of Pollutants in Soils and Subsoils
Band 32

Migration and Fate of Pollutants in Soils and Subsoils

Aus der Reihe Nato ASI Subseries G:

Fr. 191.00

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.11.2011

Herausgeber

Domenico Petruzzelli + weitere

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

506

Maße (L/B/H)

24.2/17/2.9 cm

Gewicht

900 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-77864-3

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.11.2011

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

506

Maße (L/B/H)

24.2/17/2.9 cm

Gewicht

900 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1993

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-77864-3

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Migration and Fate of Pollutants in Soils and Subsoils
  • I. Local Phenomena.- Transport and Fate of Pollutants in Subsurface Systems: Contaminants Sorption and Retardation.- - Subsurface Sorption Processes.- - Sorption Models.- - Mechanistic Equilibrium Models.- - Ion Exchange and Surface Complexation.- - Hydrophobic Sorption.- - Phenomenological Equilibrium Models.- - Classical models.- - The Distributed Reactivity Model.- - Rate Models.- - Mass Transfer Models.- - Type I Domains and Models.- - Application Considerations.- - Contaminant Fate and Transport.- - The ADR Equation.- - Common Assumptions and Approximations.- - Analyses of Field Scale Sensitivity.- - Closure.- - References.- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Soil Chemical Behaviour of Contaminants in Soils.- - General Background of Metal Ion Binding.- - Chemical Heterogeneity.- - Electrostatic Effects.- - Competition.- - Specific Binding to Oxides.- - Specific Binding to Organic Matter.- - Sorption by Soil.- - References.- Organic Pollutant Migration in Soils as Affected by Soil Organic Matter. Molecular and Mechanistic Aspects.- - Soil Humic Substances.- - Organic Pollutants in Soil.- - Adsorption Mechanisms.- - Ionic Bonding (cation exchange).- - Hydrogen Bonding.- - Charge-Transfer (electron donor-acceptor).- - Covalent Binding.- - Ligand Exchange (cation bridge).- - Dipole-Dipole and Van Der Waals Forces.- - Hydrophobic Adsorption and Partition.- - Solubilization Effects.- - Hydrolysis Catalysis.- - Photosensitization.- - Conclusions.- - References.- Solid-Phase Characteristics and Ion Exchange Phenomena in Natural Permeable Media.- - Physico Chemical Properties at Mineral-Water Interface.- - Soil Constituents and Origin of Charges.- - Inorganic Constituents.- - The Organic and Organo-Mineral Fraction of Soils.- - pH Dependence of Charges.- - Cation Exchange.- - Anion Exchange.- - Cation Exchange Capacity.- - Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange in Natural Permeable Media.- - The Electric Double Layer Model, General Considerations.- - Highly Selective Retention of Cations in Porous Media.- - Specific Retention of Cations in Clay Lattices.- - Selective Ion Exchange Reactions in Zeolites.- - Conclusions.- - References.- Interactions of Toxic Organics with Subsoils Components.- - Physico-Chemical Properties of Organic Contaminants (Solute).- - Relevant Physico-chemical Properties of Mineral Constituents of Subsoils (Sorbent).- - Clays.- - Metal Oxides and Hydroxides.- - Main Physico-Chemical Properties of liquid-phase (Solvent).- - Conclusions.- - References.- Fate of Persistent Organic Compounds in Soil and Water.- - Biotic Reactions in Soil.- - Formation of Conversion Products.- - Total Degradation.- - Abiotic Reactions in Aquatic Systems.- - Direct and Indirect Photolytic Processes in Aquatic Systems.- - Role of Humic Substances, Oxigen, Hydroxy-Radicals and Oxigen Peroxide.- - Properties of Direct Photolysis.- - Conclusion.- - References.- Kinetics and Mechanisms of Environmentally Important Reactions on Soil Colloidal Surfaces.- - Time Scales of Soil Chemical Processes.- - Application of Chemical Kinetics to Soil and Soil Colloidal Systems.- - Analyses of Slow Chemical Reactions on Soil Colloids.- - Kinetics of Rapid Soil Chemical Reactions.- - Kinetics of Environmentally Important Reactions on Soils and Soil Components.- - Anion Adsorption-Desorption Dynamics.- - Ion Exchange Kinetics on Clay Minerals.- - Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cr(III) Oxidation on Mn-oxide.- - Reactions of Organic Contaminants on Clay Surfaces.- - Conclusions.- - References.- Adsorption-Desorption Methodologies and Selected Estimation Techniques for Transport-Modeling Parameters.- - Adsorption-Desorption at Solid-Liquid Interfaces.- - Estimating Adsorption Constants.- - Adsorption Measurements.- - Effects of Adsorbent Preparation.- - Effects of Temperature.- - Stability of Solutes in Solution.- - Effects of Solution pH.- - Effects of Phase Separation and Method of Mixing.- - Selection of a Solid-Liquid Ratio for Ionic Solutes.- - Selection of a Solid-Liquid Ratio for Nonionic Solutes.- - Constant and Variable Solid-Liquid Ratios.- - Determination of Equilibration Time.- - Desorption Measurements.- - Volatilization and Solid-Vapor Partitioning of Organic Chemicals.- - Biodegradation of Organic Solutes: An Example with Trichloroethylene.- - References.- II. Global Propagation Phenomena and Modeling.- Multiphase Contaminants in Natural Permeable Media: Various Modeling Approaches.- - Multiphase Multicomponent Models.- - Application of Multicomponent Approach to a Gasoline Spill Problem.- - Other Compositional Approaches.- - Multiphase Models with Mass Partitioning Between Phases.- - Black Oil Model as Simplification of Compositional Approach.- - Other Approaches.- - Multiphase models with Capillary Effects.- - Water Flow in Unsaturated Soils — Richards’ Equation.- - Fractional Flow Equation of Buckley-Leverett (1942).- - Three Phase Flow with Capillary Effects.- - Solution of Infiltration Equation.- - Sharp Interface Models.- - Formulation of Sharp Interphase Approach.- - Recovery of Established Oil Mound.- - Single Cell Model.- - Conclusions.- - References.- Transport of Linearly Reactive Solutes in Porous Media. Basic Models and Concepts.- - Residence Time Distribution of Mobile Water.- - Dynamics of Linearly Sorbing Aggregate.- - Uniform Aggregate.- - Nested Sorbing Sites.- - Sorbing sites in Series.- - Sorbing Sites in Parallel.- - The First Order Approximation.- - Applications.- - Reactive Solute Transport.- - Conclusions.- - References.- Multicomponent Wave Propagation: the Coherence Principle. an Introduction.- - Wave Equations and Velocities.- - Types of Waves.- - Multiphase Systems.- - Coherence.- - Mathematics.- - Methodology.- - Composition Path Grids.- - Eigenvelocities.- - Composition Routes.- - Distance Time Diagrams.- - Profiles and Histories.- - Applications.- - Example 1. Multicomponent Multiphase Flow: Injection of Surfactants Into Water-Flooded Oil Reservoir.- - Example 2. Precipitation-Dissolution Waves: Erosion of a Precipitate AX by Water Containing Ions A, B and X.- - Other Types of Systems.- - Coherence Versus Method of Characteristics.- - What Wave Theory Offers.- - Glossary of Symbols.- - References.- Propagation of Dissolution-Precipitation Waves in Porous Media.- - Partial Differential Equations for Transport.- - 1D Advection-Diffusion Equation in Dimensionless Form.- - Coupling Advection-Dispersion and Advection-Dispersion-Reaction Equations Through Chemical Reactions.- - Coupling Through Chemical Reactions Described by Local Equilibrium.- - Coupling Through Kinetically Limited Chemical Reactions.- - One-Dimensional Solutions: Dissolution-Precipitation Wave Propagation in Local Equilibrium Systems.- - Example: Dissolution-Precipitation Waves in 1D Local Equilibrium Advective Transport with Constant Boundary Conditions.- - Example: Dissolution-Precipitation Waves in 1D Local Equilibrium Advective Transport with a Step Change in Boundary Conditions at TD =1.- - Example: Dissolution-Precipitation Waves in 1D Local Equilibrium Diffusive Transport with Constant Boundary Conditions.- - Example: Dissolution Precipitation Waves in 1D Advective Transport with Constant Boundary Conditions and One Kinetically Dissolving Mineral.- - Two-Dimensional Solutions: Dissolution-Precipitation Wave Propagation in Local Equilibrium Systems.- - Concluding Remarks.- - References.- Fate of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids: Modeling Surfactants Effects.- - Surfactant Behaviour in Groundwater.- - Theory.- - Results.- - Glossary of Symbols.- - References.- Diffusion, Flow and Fast Reactions in Porous Media.- - Basic Processes Underlying Geochemical Transport Models.- - Equilibrium Problems.- - Kinetics of Reactions with Solids.- - Transport.- - Formulation of governing Equations.- - Solution of Equilibrium Problem.- - Determination of Mineral Sequences.- - Solution of Transport Problem.- - Comparison of Solution Procedures.- - Some Properties of the Programs.- - Pseudo Stationary State Approach.- - Some Related Problems.- - Some analytical Solutions.- - Some Sample Cases.- - Degradation of Concrete.- - Movement of redox and Other Fronts at Pocos de Caldas.- - Discussion and Conclusions.- - Notation.- - References.- Impact of Small-Scale Spatial Variability Upon the Transport of Sorbing Pollutants.- - Models of Spatial Variability.- - Governing Flow and Transport Equations.- - Spatial Moment Analysis.- - Particle Tracking (Lagrangian) Approach.- - Deterministic Velocity Field.- - Spatial Random Velocity Field.- - Linear Reversible Sorption Kinetics.- - Homogeneous Soil Column.- - Randomly Heterogeneous Hydraulic Conductivity with Uniform Reaction Parameters.- - Deviations from Local Equilibrium.- - Spatially Variable Reaction Parameters.- - Large-Time Asymptotic Results.- - References.- Numerical Modeling of Contaminant Transport in Groundwater.- - Basic equations.- - Reactive Solutes.- - Local Sorption Equilibrium.- - Lack of Local Sorption Equilibrium.- - Column and Field Experiments Examples.- - Coupled Processes (Flow and Transport).- - Solution by Finite Elements.- - Efficient Solution Schemes.- - Solution with Full Coupling.- - Solution with Partial Coupling.- - Uncoupled Solution.- - Illustrative Examples.- - Transport with Dual Porosity Model.- - Coupled Flow and Transport for a Passive Contaminant.- - Conclusions.- - References.- III. Specific Problems and Applications.- Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater.- - Techniques of Groundwater Recharge.- - Groundwater Recharge by Surface Spreading.- - Direct Injection to Goundwater.- - Pretreatment for Groundwater Recharge.- - Wastewater treatment of Greater Agadir, Morocco.- - Groundwater Recharge in the Water Resources Planning in Southern California.- - Recharge Operation.- - Source and Recharge Water.- - Fate of Contaminants in Groundwater.- - Particulate Contaminants.- - Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Contaminants.- - Pathogen Removal.- - Guidelines for Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Wastewater.- - Proposed California Groundwater Recharge Criteria.- - Microbiological Considerations.- - Trace Organics Removal.- - Inorganic Chemicals.- - Cost of Pretreatment and Groundwater Recharge.- - Summary and Conclusions.- - References.- Dispersion of Contaminants from Landfill Operations.- - Evolution of Barriers Between Landfill and Groundwater.- - Groundwater Pollution from Landfills and Other Sources.- - Critical Processes for Metal Mobilization from Wastes.- - Long Term Metal release from Industrial Solid Waste.- - Long Term Metal Release from Municipal Solid Waste.- - Acid-Producing Potential of Solid Waste Materials.- - Final Storage of Solid Waste.- - Chemical Stability of Bottom Ash Monofills.- - Chemical Stabilization of Industrial Waste Material.- - Storage Under Permanent Anoxic Conditions.- - References.- Risk Analysis of Groundwater Contamination.- - Uncertainties in Aquifer Contamination Studies.- - Risk Assessment by Mathematical Modeling.- - Groundwater Hydrodynamics.- - Solute Transport and Random Walks.- - Application to the Campaspe Valley.- - The Study Area.- - Results of Simulation.- - Discussion and conclusions.- - References.- Migration of Radionuclides in Natural Porous Media the Chernobyl Case.- - General Characteristics of Accident Region.- - General Characteristics of Accident.- - Amount and Radionuclide Composition of Chernobyl’s Release.- - Characteristics of External Irradiation.- - ? and ? Emitters.- - Physical and Chemical Forms of Radionuclides.- - Vertical Migration of Radionuclides.- - References.