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  • Produktbild: Structural Adjustment, the Environment and Sustainable Development
  • Produktbild: Structural Adjustment, the Environment and Sustainable Development

Structural Adjustment, the Environment and Sustainable Development

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

07.05.2013

Verlag

Taylor & Francis

Seitenzahl

420

Maße (L/B/H)

23.4/15.6/2.3 cm

Gewicht

780 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-415-85087-2

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

07.05.2013

Verlag

Taylor & Francis

Seitenzahl

420

Maße (L/B/H)

23.4/15.6/2.3 cm

Gewicht

780 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-0-415-85087-2

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Structural Adjustment, the Environment and Sustainable Development
  • Produktbild: Structural Adjustment, the Environment and Sustainable Development

  • Foreword
    Preface
    Introduction
    Lessons Derived from the First Research Program
    Influence of the First WWF Program on This Second Study
    Structure of This Study
    Part One
    1. An Instrument of Global Economic Policy
    The Evolving Debate on Adjustment
    Attribution of Cause
    But in Whose Interests?
    And What about Long-term Impacts?
    The Adjustment Imperative
    The End of the Golden Age
    The Legacy of Supply-side Economics
    World Bank Intervention
    The Push Toward Privatization
    A New Generation of Criticisms
    Increasing Vulnerability to External Shocks and Pressures
    Impacts on Industrial Policy
    Distributional Equity
    'Deregulating' Labor Markets
    Gender Equity
    Environmental Impacts of Liberalized Trade Regimes
    Environmental Costs of Expanding Non-traditional
    Agricultural Exports
    Restructuring the World Economy
    An Instrument of Global Economic Policy
    Adjustment's Resilience
    2. Sustainable Development
    The Political Foundations of Sustainable Development
    The Stockholm Conference
    Sharpening Global Environmental Tensions
    First Articulations of Sustainable Development
    The Rio Conference
    An Operational Approach to Sustainable Development
    Toward an Operational Definition
    Reforming National Development Strategies
    Changing International Development Patterns
    Adjustment Policy in the Context of Sustainable Development
    Part Two
    Introduction
    Organization of the Research Program
    Common Methodological Challenges
    3. Case Study for Cameroon
    Background
    The Setting
    Methodology
    The Environment
    Salient Features
    Major Environmental Problems and their Causes
    The Environmental Impacts of Past Development Policies
    Environmental Policies and Sustainability
    Long-term Environmental Trends
    The Economy
    Economic Performance and Structural Adjustment since 1985
    Economic and Social Impacts of Recent and Current Adjustment
    Environmental Impacts of Recent and Current Adjustment
    Four Case Studies
    Conclusions
    Sustainable Development
    Development Scenarios
    Requisites for Sustainable Development
    Implications for Adjustment and Development
    Program Design
    Prospects for Adoption of Sustainable Development Policies
    4. Case Study for Mali
    The Environment
    Salient Features
    Major Environmental Problems and Their Causes
    Environmental Impacts of Past Development Policies
    Environmental Policies
    Long-term Environmental Trends
    The Economy
    Development Strategy
    Economic Performance and Structural Adjustment
    Economic and Social Impacts of Adjustment
    Environmental Impacts of Adjustment
    Three Case Studies
    Conclusions on Adjustment-environment Linkages
    Sustainable Development
    Development Scenarios
    Requisites for Sustainable Development
    Implications for Adjustment and Development
    Program Design
    Prospects for Sustainable Development Policies
    5. Case Study for Tanzania
    Background
    State of the Economy and the Environment
    Environmental Policy
    Structural Adjustment
    Adjustment-environment Linkages: Analysis
    Deforestation
    Soil Erosion
    The Influence of Structural Adjustment
    Sustainable Development: Future Scenarios
    If Current Adjustment Programs Continue
    Under Alternative Policies
    Trade-offs
    Recommendations
    Activities That Could Be Integrated into Existing
    Structural Adjustment Programs
    Changing the Objectives of Future Structural
    Adjustment Programs
    Sequencing of Structural Adjustment
    Policies to Pursue in Parallel with Structural Adjustment
    Limiting Factors
    6. Case Study for Zambia
    Background
    State of the Economy and the Environment
    Environmental Policy
    Structural Adjustment
    Adjustment-environment Linkages
    Loss of Wildlife
    Deforestation
    Urban Water Pollution
    Poverty and the Environment
    Distribution of Costs and Benefits
    Sustainable Development: Future Scenarios
    If Current Adjustment Programs Continue
    If Current Sectoral Policies Continue
    Under Alternative Policies
    Trade-offs
    Recommendations
    Reorienting Current Structural Adjustment Programs
    Developing Alternative Structural Adjustment Policies
    Policies to Pursue in Parallel with Structural Adjustment
    7. Case Study for El Salvador
    Environmental Overview
    Population and the Environment
    Current Dynamics of Environmental Degradation
    The Unsustainability of Past Development
    The Early Role of Agroexport Production
    Economic Diversification in the Fifties and Sixties
    Failed Attempts at Agrarian Transformation and Economic
    Diversification during the Seventies
    Reforms under the Civil War, the Eighties and Early Nineties
    Economic Reform: Context and Overall Performance
    Economic Decline During the Early Eighties
    The Role of U.S. Economic Aid and Remittances
    The First Stage of Economic Reform
    The Structural Adjustment Stage of Economic Reform
    Economic Growth, the Breakdown of Rural Livelihoods, and the Environment
    Private Consumption-led Growth under Structural Adjustment
    Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Environmental Degradation
    Poverty and Environmental Degradation in the Rural Economy
    Economic Reform and the Environment: The Institutional Dimension
    The Demise of the National Institutional Capacity During the First Stage
    The Roles of USAID, the World Bank, and the IDB
    Comments and Recommendations
    8. Case Study for Jamaica
    Past Economic Reforms and Structural Adjustment Policies
    Population Concentrations and Human Settlements
    Water Contamination
    External Migration
    Environmental Impacts of Past Development Policies and Practices
    Case Studies of Economy-environment Links
    Bauxite/alumina
    Coffee
    Tourism
    Cement
    Environmental Institutions
    Conclusions
    Recommendations
    Impacts of Current and Planned Adjustment Programs
    Development Choices
    9. Case Study for Venezuela
    Economic Policy and Structural Adjustment
    Social Impacts on the Labor Markets and the Urban Environment
    Poverty and Social Policies
    Labor Markets
    The Urban Environment
    The Environment and Structural Adjustment
    Effects of Structural Adjustment Policies on the Environment
    Environmental Indicators
    Institutions, the Environment, and Structural Adjustment Effects
    Exploring Future Impacts: Scenarios for the Economy and the Environment
    Macroeconomic Performance Modeled
    The Environment and Structural Adjustment Scenarios
    Sustainable Development
    Sociopolitical Feasibility Analysis
    Conclusions
    10. Case Study for Pakistan
    Introduction
    Economic Development
    The Environment and Natural Resources
    Social and Environmental Elements in Structural Adjustment Programs
    The Environmental and Social Impacts of Reforms
    Long-run Projections
    Equilibrium Analysis
    Analysis of the Distributional Impacts
    Waterlogging and Salinization in Irrigated Agriculture
    Summary and Conclusions
    11. Case Study for Vietnam
    The Economic Context of Reform
    Constraints to Sustainable Growth
    Major Environmental Issues Facing Vietnam
    Land and Soil Resources
    Forest Resources
    Water Resources
    Fishery Resources
    Biodiversity
    Water Pollution
    Air and Atmospheric Pollution
    Solid Waste
    Hazardous Waste
    Integrating Development Policies and the Environment
    Agricultural Policy
    Forestry Policy
    Industrial Policy
    Energy Policy
    Modeling the Vietnamese Economy: Paths Toward Integration
    The Model
    Policy Experiments
    Conclusions and Recommendations
    Preconditions for Integration
    The Capital-theoretic Basis for Recommendations
    Part Three
    12. Conclusions: Short-term Environmental Impacts of Structural Adjustment Programs
    Direct Environmental Effects of Price Corrections
    External Adjustments
    Internal Adjustments
    Indirect Environmental Impacts of Economic Reforms
    Social Impacts
    Institutional Impacts
    Summary of the Indirect Environmental Impacts of Economic Reforms
    General Summary
    13. Conclusions: Impacts of Structural Adjustment on the Sustainability of Developing Countries
    The Economic Dimension of Sustainable Development
    Sound Macroeconomic Management
    Poverty-alleviating Growth
    Agricultural Production
    The Role of the State
    Cost Internalization
    The Social Dimension of Sustainable Development
    Distributional Equity
    Social Services
    Gender Equity
    Population Stabilization
    Political Participation
    The Environmental Dimension of Sustainable Development
    Consumption of Renewable Natural Resources
    Consumption of Nonrenewable Resources
    Sink Functions
    Natural Capital
    Precautionary Principle
    Institutional Framework
    In Conclusion
    14. Recommendations
    Integrating Environmental Issues into Macroeconomic Reforms
    Poverty
    The Role of the State
    National Institutional Reforms
    The Role of Civil Society
    Reform of International Financial Institutions
    Reform of International Institutions
    Bibliography
    Acronyms and Abbreviations
    Index