1 Character Sums.- 1. Character Sums Over Finite Fields.- 2. Stickelberger’s Theorem.- 3. Relations in the Ideal Classes.- 4. Jacobi Sums as Hecke Characters.- 5. Gauss Sums Over Extension Fields.- 6. Application to the Fermat Curve.- 2 Stickelberger Ideals and Bernoulli Distributions.- 1. The Index of the First Stickelberger Ideal.- 2. Bernoulli Numbers.- 3. Integral Stickelberger Ideals.- 4. General Comments on Indices.- 5. The Index for k Even.- 6. The Index for k Odd.- 7. Twistings and Stickelberger Ideals.- 8. Stickelberger Elements as Distributions.- 9. Universal Distributions.- 10. The Davenport-Hasse Distribution.- 3 Complex Analytic Class Number Formulas.- 1. Gauss Sums on Z/mZ.- 2. Primitive L-series.- 3. Decomposition of L-series.- 4. The (±1)-eigenspaces.- 5. Cyclotomic Units.- 6. The Dedekind Determinant.- 7. Bounds for Class Numbers.- 4 The p-adic L-function.- 1. Measures and Power Series.- 2. Operations on Measures and Power Series.- 3. The Mellin Transform and p-adic L-function.- 4. The p-adic Regulator.- 5. The Formal Leopoldt Transform.- 6. The p-adic Leopoldt Transform.- 5 Iwasawa Theory and Ideal Class Groups.- 1. The Iwasawa Algebra.- 2. Weierstrass Preparation Theorem.- 3. Modules over Zp[[X]].- 4. Zp-extensions and Ideal Class Groups.- 5. The Maximal p-abelian p-ramified Extension.- 6. The Galois Group as Module over the Iwasawa Algebra.- 6 Kummer Theory over Cyclotomic Zp-extensions.- 1. The Cyclotomic Zp-extension.- 2. The Maximal p-abelian p-ramified Extension of the Cyclotomic Zp-extension.- 3. Cyclotomic Units as a Universal Distribution.- 4. The Leopoldt-Iwasawa Theorem and the Vandiver Conjecture.- 7 Iwasawa Theory of Local Units.- 1. The Kummer-Takagi Exponents.- 2. Projective Limit of the Unit Groups.- 3. A Basis for U(?) over A.- 4.The Coates-Wiles Homomorphism.- 5. The Closure of the Cyclotomic Units.- 8 Lubin-Tate Theory.- 1. Lubin-Tate Groups.- 2. Formal p-adic Multiplication.- 3. Changing the Prime.- 4. The Reciprocity Law.- 5. The Kummer Pairing.- 6. The Logarithm.- 7. Application of the Logarithm to the Local Symbol.- 9 Explicit Reciprocity Laws.- 1. Statement of the Reciprocity Laws.- 2. The Logarithmic Derivative.- 3. A Local Pairing with the Logarithmic Derivative.- 4. The Main Lemma for Highly Divisible x and ? = xn.- 5. The Main Theorem for the Symbol ?x, xn?n.- 6. The Main Theorem for Divisible x and ? = unit.- 7. End of the Proof of the Main Theorems.