Contributors xiii
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
PART I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Introduction to Wireless Computing in Medicine 3
Amber Bhargava, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Arushi Gupta, Alekhya Sai Nuduru Pati, Kodiak Ravicz, and Pujal Trivedi
1.1 Introduction, 3
1.2 Definition of Terms, 5
1.3 Brief History of Wireless Healthcare, 5
1.4 What is Wireless Computing? 6
1.5 Distributed Computing, 7
1.6 Nanotechnology in Medicine, 10
1.7 Ethics of Medical Wireless Computing, 12
1.8 Privacy in Wireless Computing, 13
1.9 Conclusion, 14
References, 14
2 Nanocomputing and Cloud Computing 17
T. Soren Craig, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Nikila Goli, Arushi Gupta, Shiva Navab, Alekhya Sai Nuduru Pati, Kodiak Ravicz, Gaurav Sarkar, and Ben Shiroma
2.1 Introduction, 17
2.2 Nanocomputing, 18
2.3 Cloud Computing, 30
2.4 Conclusion, 37
Acknowledgment, 37
References, 37
PART II PERVASIVE WIRELESS COMPUTING IN MEDICINE 41
3 Pervasive Computing in Hospitals 43
Janet Meiling Wang-Roveda, Linda Powers, and Kui Ren
3.1 Introduction, 43
3.2 Architecture of Pervasive Computing in Hospitals, 45
3.3 Sensors, Devices, Instruments, and Embedded Systems, 49
3.4 Data Acquisition in Pervasive Computing, 59
3.5 Software Support for Context-Aware and Activity Sharing Services, 63
3.6 Data and Information Security, 66
3.7 Conclusion, 71
Acknowledgment, 71
References, 72
4 Diagnostic Improvements: Treatment and Care 79
Xiaojun Xian
4.1 Introduction, 79
4.2 System Design, 81
4.3 Body Sensor Network, 82
4.4 Portable Sensors, 84
4.5 Wearable Sensors, 88
4.6 Implantable Sensors, 94
4.7 Wireless Communication, 95
4.8 Mobile Base Unit, 97
4.9 Conclusion and Challenges, 98
Acknowledgment, 99
References, 99
5 Collaborative Opportunistic Sensing of Human Behavior with Mobile Phones 107
Luis A. Castro, Jessica Beltran-Marquez, Jesus Favela, Edgar Chavez, Moises Perez, Marcela Rodriguez, Rene Navarro, and Eduardo Quintana
5.1 Health and Mobile Sensing, 107
5.2 The InCense Sensing Toolkit, 110
5.3 Sensing Campaign 1: Detecting Behaviors Associated with the Frailty Syndrome Among Older Adults, 119
5.4 Sensing Campaign 2: Detecting Problematic Behaviors among Elders with Dementia, 123
5.5 Discussion, 131
5.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 132
References, 133
6 Pervasive Computing to Support Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities 137
Monica Tentori, José Mercado, Franceli L. Cibrian, and Lizbeth Escobedo
6.1 Introduction, 137
6.2 Wearable and Mobile Sensing Platforms to Ease the Recording of Data Relevant to Clinical Case Assessment, 144
6.3 Augmented Reality and Mobile and Tangible Computing to Support Cognition, 151
6.4 Serious Games and Exergames to Support Motor Impairments, 158
6.5 Conclusions, 168
Acknowledgments, 172
References, 172
7 Wireless Power for Implantable Devices: A Technical Review 187
Nikita Ahuja, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Zhuochen Ge, Renjun Liu, Alekhya Sai Nuduru Pati, Kodiak Ravicz, Mike Schlesinger, Shu Han Wu, and Kai Xie
7.1 Introduction, 187
7.2 History of Wireless Power, 189
7.3 Approach of Wireless Power Transmission, 191
7.4 A Detailed Example of Magnetic Coupling Resonance, 194
7.5 Popular Standards, 199
7.6 Wireless Power Transmission in Medical use, 201
7.7 Conclusion, 204
Acknowledgments, 205
References, 205
8 Energy-Efficient Physical Activity Detection in Wireless Body Area Networks 211
Daphney-Stavroula Zois, Sangwon Lee, Murali Annavaram, and Urbashi Mitra
8.1 Introduction, 211
8.2 Knowme Platform, 215
8.3 Energy Impact of Design Choices, 217
8.4 Problem Formulation, 228
8.5 Sensor Selection Strategies, 232
8.6 Alternative Problem Formulation, 237
8.7 Sensor Selection Strategies for the Alternative Formulation, 241
8.8 Experiments, 244
8.9 Related Work, 254
8.10 Conclusion, 256
Acknowledgments, 257
References, 257
9 Markov Decision Process for Adaptive Control of Distributed Body Sensor Networks 263
Shuping Liu, Anand Panangadan, Ashit Talukder, and Cauligi S. Raghavendra
9.1 Introduction, 263
9.2 Rationale for MDP Formulation, 265
9.3 Related Work, 268
9.4 Problem Statement, Assumptions, and Approach, 269
9.5 MDP Model for Multiple Sensor Nodes, 272
9.6 Communication, 274
9.7 Simulation Results, 276
9.8 Conclusions, 292
Acknowledgment, 294
References, 294
PART III NANOSCALE WIRELESS COMPUTING IN MEDICINE 297
10 An Introduction to Nanomedicine 299
Amber Bhargava, Janet Cheung, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Wan Lee, Kodiak Ravicz, Mike Schlesinger, Yesha Shah, and Abhishek Uppal
10.1 Introduction, 299
10.2 Nanomedical Technology, 301
10.3 Detection, 303
10.4 Treatment, 305
10.5 Biocompatibility, 309
10.6 Power, 311
10.7 Computer Modeling, 313
10.8 Research Institutions, 315
10.9 Conclusion, 317
Acknowledgments, 317
References, 317
11 Nanomedicine Using Magneto-Electric Nanoparticles 323
Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Andrew Prajogi, Kodiak Ravicz, Gaurav Sarkar, Umang Sharma, Rakesh Guduru, and Sakhrat Khizroev
11.1 Introduction, 323
11.2 Overview of MENs, 324
11.3 Experiment 1: Externally Controlled On-Demand Release of Anti-HIV Drug Azttp Using Mens as Carriers, 325
11.4 Experiment 2: Mens to Enable Field-Controlled High-Specificity Drug Delivery to Eradicate Ovarian Cancer Cells, 331
11.5 Experiment 3: Magnetoelectric "Spin" on Stimulating the Brain, 339
11.6 Bioceramics: Bone Regeneration and MNS, 348
11.7 Conclusion, 351
References, 353
12 DNA Computation in Medicine 359
Noam Mamet and Ido Bachelet
12.1 Background for the Non-Biologist, 359
12.2 Introduction, 362
12.3 In Vitro Computing, 364
12.4 Computation in Vivo, 370
12.5 Challenges, 373
12.6 Glimpse into the Future, 373
References, 374
13 Graphene-Based Nanosystems for the Detection of Proteinic Biomarkers of Disease: Implication in Translational Medicine 377
Farid Menaa, Sandeep Kumar Vashist, Adnane Abdelghani, and Bouzid Menaa
13.1 Introduction, 377
13.2 Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Graphene and Main Derivatives, 379
13.3 Graphene and Derivatives-Based Biosensing Nanosystems and Applications, 382
13.4 Conclusion and Perspectives, 389
Conflict of Interest, 390
Abbreviations, 390
References, 391
14 Modeling Brain Disorders in Silicon Nanotechnologies 401
Alice C. Parker, Saeid Barzegarjalali, Kun Yue, Rebecca Lee, and Sukanya Patil
14.1 Introduction, 401
14.2 The BioRC Project, 402
14.3 Background: BioRC Neural Circuits, 404
14.4 Modeling Synapses with CNT Transistors, 408
14.5 Modeling OCD with Hybrid CMOS/Nano Circuits, 410
14.6 The Biological Cortical Neuron and Hybrid Electronic Cortical Neuron, 411
14.7 Biological OCD Circuit and Biomimetic Model, 412
14.8 Indirect Pathway: The Braking Mechanism, 413
14.9 Direct Pathway: The Accelerator, 414
14.10 Typical and Atypical Responses, 415
14.11 Modeling Schizophrenic Hallucinations with Hybrid CMOS/Nano Circuits, 416
14.12 Explanation for Schizophrenia Symptoms, 416
14.13 Disinhibition due to Miswiring, 418
14.14 Our Hybrid Neuromorphic Prediction Network, 418
14.15 Simulation Results, 419
14.16 Numerical Analysis of False Firing, 421
14.17 Modeling PD with CMOS Circuits, 422
14.18 Modeling MS with CMOS Circuits, 424
14.19 Demyelination Circuit, 425
14.20 Conclusions and Future Trends, 426
References, 428
15 Linking Medical Nanorobots to Pervasive Computing 431
Sylvain Martel
15.1 Introduction, 431
15.2 Complementary Functionalities, 432
15.3 Main Specifications for such Nanorobotic Agents (Nanorobots), 433
15.4 Medical Nanorobotic Agents-An Example, 436
15.5 Nanorobotic Communication Links Allowing Pervasive Computing, 438
15.6 Types of Information, 439
15.7 Medical Nanorobotic Agents for Monitoring and Early Detection, 440
15.8 Medical Nanorobotics and Pervasive Computing-Main Conditions that must be met for its Feasibility, 442
15.9 Conclusion, 443
References, 444
16 Nanomedicine's Transversality: Some Implications of the Nanomedical Paradigm 447
José J. López and Mathieu Noury
16.1 Introduction, 447
16.2 Nanomedicine's Promises, 448
16.3 Analysing Implications of the Nanomedicine Paradigm, 451
16.4 The Molecular Underpinnings of Nanomedicine's Transversality, 456
16.5 Nanomedicine as Predictive Medicine, 457
16.6 Nanomedicine as Personalized Medicine, 460
16.7 Nanomedicine as Regenerative Medicine, 465
16.8 Conclusion, 466
References, 468
PART IV ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF WIRELESS COMPUTING IN MEDICINE 473
17 Ethical Challenges of Ubiquitous Health Care 475
William Sims Bainbridge
17.1 Introduction, 475
17.2 A Philosophical Framework, 478
17.3 Information Deviance, 480
17.4 The Current Frenzy, 482
17.5 Genetic Informatics, 485
17.6 Ubiquitous Information Technology, 489
17.7 Stasis versus Progress, 492
17.8 Problematic Ethics, 494
17.9 Leadership in Science and Engineering Ethics, 496
17.10 Conclusion, 498
References, 499
18 The Ethics of Ubiquitous Computing in Health Care 507
Clark A. Miller, Heather M. Ross, Gaymon Bennett, and J. Benjamin Hurlbut
18.1 Introduction, 507
18.2 Ubiquitous Computing and the Transformation of Health Care: Three Visions, 511
18.3 Case Study: Cardiac Implanted Electrical Devices, 516
18.4 Ethical Reflections, 521
18.5 Conclusions: The Need for Socio-Technical Design, 534
References, 537
19 Privacy Protection of Electronic Healthcare Records in e-Healthcare Systems 541
Fredrick Japhet Mtenzi
19.1 Introduction, 541
19.2 Security and Privacy Concerns of EHR in e-Healthcare Systems, 545
19.3 Privacy Laws and Regulations of EHRs, 547
19.4 Privacy of EHRs in e-Healthcare Systems, 552
19.5 Discussion and Conclusion, 558
19.6 Contributions and Future Research, 559
References, 561
20 Ethical, Privacy, and Intellectual Property Issues in Nanomedicine 567
Katie Atalla, Ayush Chaudhary, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Arushi Gupta, Raj Mehta, Adarsh Nayak, Andrew Prajogi, Kodiak Ravicz, Ben Shiroma, and Pujal Trivedi
20.1 Introduction, 567
20.2 Ethical Issues, 568
20.3 Privacy Issues, 579
20.4 IP Issues, 590
20.5 Conclusion, 596
Acknowledgments, 596
References, 596
PART V CONCLUSION 601
21 Concluding Remarks 603
Zhaoqi Chen, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Kalyani Gonde, Kodiak Ravicz, Rakshith Saligram and Mike Schlesinger
21.1 Wireless Computing in Health Care, 603
21.2 Nanomedicine, 606
21.3 Ethical, Privacy, and Intellectual Property Issues of Nanomedicine and Wireless Computing, 609
21.4 Conclusions, 610
Acknowledgments, 610
References, 610
Index 613
