Part I. Introduction: 1. Introducing archaeological science Kate Britton and Michael P. Richards; Part II. Biomolecular Archaeology: 2. Ancient DNA Liisa Loog and Greger Larson; 3. Proteomics Jessica Hendy, Nienke van Doorn and Matthew Collins; 4. Residue analysis Oliver E. Craig, Hayley Saul and Cynthianne Spiteri; 5. Isotope analysis for mobility and climate studies Kate Britton; 6. Isotope analysis for diet studies Michael P. Richards; Part III. Bioarchaeology: 7. Human osteology Darlene A. Weston; 8. Dental histology Tanya M. Smith; 9. Geometric morphometrics Philip Gunz; Part IV. Environmental Archaeology: 10. Vertebrate zooarchaeology Keith Dobney and Beth Upex; 11. Invertebrate zooarchaeology Marcello Mannino; 12. Palaeoethnobotany A. Catherine D'Andrea; 13. Geoarchaeology Panagiotis Karkanas; Part V. Materials Analysis: 14. Ceramics Andrew J. Shortland and Peter Degryse; 15. Glass Andrew J. Shortland and Thilo Rehren; 16. Metals in archaeological science Thilo Rehren; 17. Lithics Shannon McPherron; Part VI. Absolute Dating Methods: 18. Radiocarbon dating Simon Blockley; 19. Luminescence dating Richard Bailey.