Produktbild: Navigating English Grammar

Navigating English Grammar A Guide to Analyzing Real Language

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

21.11.2024

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

288

Maße (L/B/H)

22.8/15.4/2.7 cm

Gewicht

471 g

Auflage

2. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-94443-0

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

21.11.2024

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

288

Maße (L/B/H)

22.8/15.4/2.7 cm

Gewicht

471 g

Auflage

2. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-94443-0

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Wiley & Sons
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  • Produktbild: Navigating English Grammar
  • Dedication v

    Preface xiii

    Acknowledgments xvii

    1 What is Grammar and How Do We Study It? 1

    Introduction 1

    What is English? Language Change and Variation 3

    What is Grammar? 5

    Prescriptive grammar 5

    Descriptive grammar 9

    The Components of Grammar 10

    Syntax 11

    Morphology 13

    Derivational affixation 14

    Inflectional affixation 14

    Analytic and synthetic languages 15

    Word formation rules 16

    Semantics 16

    Phonetics and phonology 19

    Summary 20

    Exercises 21

    2 Nouns 25

    Introduction 25

    Semantic Distinctions Among Nouns 26

    Abstract and concrete 26

    Common and proper 27

    Count and mass 28

    Collective nouns 30

    Generic nouns 31

    Noun Morphology 32

    Inflectional affixation 33

    Plurals 33

    Possessives 34

    Derivational affixation 36

    Other ways we form nouns 37

    Summary 38

    Exercises 38

    3 Noun Phrases 43

    Introduction 43

    Categories that Precede Nouns 44

    Determiners 44

    Noun phrases without determiners 47

    Numerals 48

    Quantifiers 49

    Order of D, NUM, and Q 51

    Partitive, Measure, and Collective Noun Phrases 53

    Possessive Noun Phrases 54

    NP or N: Pronoun substitution 55

    Modifiers of Nouns 57

    Adjectives that modify nouns 57

    Nouns that modify nouns 59

    Verbs that modify nouns 61

    Summary 63

    Exercises 63

    4 Verbs 67

    Introduction 67

    Main Verbs 68

    Main Verb Morphology 69

    Derivational affixation and other ways we form verbs 69

    Inflectional affixation 70

    Infinitives 70

    Present tense 73

    Past tense 75

    What about future tense? 77

    Present and past participles 78

    Suppletion 79

    Summary 80

    Exercises 81

    5 Verb Phrases 85

    Introduction 85

    Auxiliary Verbs 86

    Auxiliary have 86

    Auxiliary be 87

    Main verb have 87

    Main verb be 88

    Modals 89

    Semi- modals 91

    Verb Strings with Auxiliaries and Modals 91

    Aspect 92

    Progressive aspect 93

    Perfect aspect 94

    Habitual aspect 96

    Passive Voice and the Passive Verb String 97

    Summary 99

    Exercises 99

    6 The Clause 103

    Introduction 103

    The Independent Clause 104

    The subject position 105

    Subjects of passive sentences 106

    Pleonastic subjects 106

    The complement position 110

    The Tense position 113

    Subject-auxiliary inversion 114

    Tag question formation 115

    Negation 116

    Diagramming Verb Strings 118

    Do Insertion 120

    Main verb be raising 122

    Summary 123

    Exercises 124

    7 Adjectives 129

    Introduction 129

    Adjective Semantics 130

    Adjective Morphology 132

    Derivational affixation and other ways we form adjectives 132

    Participial adjectives 133

    Inflectional affixation: comparative and superlative adjectives 134

    Adjective Syntax 135

    Modifiers of adjectives 136

    The degree word test for adjective phrases 137

    Adjective phrase positions 139

    Adjective phrases as prenominal and postnominal modifiers of nouns 139

    Adjective phrases as subjective complements 141

    Other subjective complements: NP and PP 142

    Direct objects versus subjective complements 143

    The seem test for adjective phrases 144

    Summary 146

    Exercises 146

    8 Adverbs 151

    Introduction 151

    Adverb Semantics 152

    Adverb Morphology 153

    Derivational affixation and other ways we form adverbs 153

    Flat adverbs 154

    Inflectional affixation 155

    Adverb Syntax 155

    Modifiers of adverbs 155

    Adverb phrase positions 158

    Adverb phrases as modifiers in AP, NP, and PP 159

    Adverb phrases as complements 161

    More on Modifiers 161

    Summary 162

    Exercises 162

    9 Prepositions and Particles 167

    Introduction 167

    Preposition Semantics 168

    Preposition Morphology 170

    Preposition Syntax 171

    Complements of prepositions 171

    Objects of prepositions 171

    Other complements of prepositions 172

    Modifiers of prepositions 173

    Prepositional phrases as modifiers and complements 174

    PP modifiers of nouns 174

    PP modifiers of verbs and clauses 175

    PPs as complements 176

    Indirect object complements 178

    Particles 182

    Particle semantics 182

    Particle syntax 183

    Summary 186

    Exercises 187

    10 Coordination and Subordination 191

    Introduction 191

    Coordination 192

    Subordination 195

    Clauses and sentences 196

    Subordinate Clause Types 198

    Tensed clause complements 200

    Bare infinitival clause complements 203

    To- infinitive clause complements 206

    Participial clause complements 208

    Wh- clause complements 209

    Summary 210

    Exercises 211

    11 More on Modification 219

    Introduction 219

    Clauses that Modify Nouns: Relative Clauses 220

    Restrictive relative clauses 220

    Tensed, reduced, and infinitival relative clauses 223

    Nonrestrictive relative clauses 226

    Headless relative clauses 227

    Appositive NPs 228

    Movable Modifiers 229

    Movable AdvP modifiers 229

    Movable PP modifiers 229

    Movable NP modifiers 230

    Movable AP modifiers 230

    Movable VP modifiers 231

    Movable CL modifiers 231

    Summary 232

    Exercises 233

    12 Navigating and Analyzing: Review 239

    Introduction 240

    Syntactic Categories 240

    Complementation 241

    Complements of verbs 242

    NP complements of verbs 242

    AP complements of verbs 243

    AdvP complements of verbs 243

    PP complements of verbs 243

    VP complements of verbs 243

    Clause complements of verbs 244

    Complements of adjectives 244

    Complements of prepositions 244

    Complements of nouns 245

    Modification 245

    Modifiers of nouns 246

    Modifiers of adjectives 246

    Modifiers of adverbs 247

    Modifiers of prepositions 247

    Modifiers of verbs 247

    Modifiers of clauses: Movable modifiers 247

    Subordination 248

    Coordination 250

    Summary 250

    Practice and Review 251

    References 255

    Index 257