About the Editor xv
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxiii
1 Recommendations for Sustainable Management of Wetlands in Indian Tropics 1
Nitin Bassi, Ayushi Kashyap, and Saiba Gupta
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Methodology 3
1.3 Status of Wetlands in India 4
1.4 Inland and Coastal Wetlands 4
1.5 Natural and Man-Made Wetlands 6
1.6 Overall Findings 9
1.7 Challenges Faced by Natural Wetland Ecosystem in India 10
1.8 Recommendations for Managing Wetlands Sustainably 13
1.9 Conclusion 16
References 16
2 Wetlands of Bangladesh: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 19
Krishna Prosad Mondal, Al-Jubaer, Soumic Samad, Monishankar Sarkar, Syed Hafizur Rahman, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam, and Byomkesh Talukder
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Types of Wetlands in Bangladesh 19
2.3 Biodiversity 24
2.4 Red Listed Species By IUCN 31
2.5 Livelihoods of People Living in Wetland Areas 31
2.6 Conservation 35
2.7 Conclusion 36
References 36
3 Wetlands of Myanmar: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 41
Thiri Dae We Aung, Thet Zaw Naing, Ding Li Yong, and Kelvin S.-H. Peh
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Wetlands in Myanmar 41
3.3 Important Wetland Sites in Myanmar 42
3.4 Wetland Management Policy and Practices in Myanmar 58
3.5 Challenges in Wetland Management in Myanmar 62
3.6 Conclusion 63
References 63
4 Wetlands of Plains of Pakistan 67
Andleeb Batool, Asia Parveen, Mishal Nawaz, Dania Razzaq, Maryam Mukhtar, and Naseeba Mustafavi
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Wetlands in Plains of Pakistan 67
4.3 The Haleji Wetland 68
4.4 The Keenjhar Lakes 69
4.5 Chashma Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary 70
4.6 Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary 72
4.7 Astola Island 72
4.8 Jiwani Wetland 73
4.9 Miani Hor 74
4.10 Uchhali Complex 75
4.11 Indus River Basin Wetlands 76
4.12 Mekran Coastal Wetlands 78
References 81
5 Wetlands of Sri Lanka: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 85
A.H. Magdon Jayasuriya
5.1 Introduction 85
5.2 Biodiversity 86
Acknowledgments 107
References 107
6 Wetlands of Israel 111
Avi Uzan
6.1 Introduction to the Climate, Topography, Geomorphology, and Hydrology of Israel 111
6.2 Lotic Habitats 115
6.3 The Jordan River 123
6.4 Lentic Habitats 128
6.5 Dalia Marsh 132
6.6 Measures of Rehabilitation and Restoration 133
6.7 Vernal Pools 134
References 135
7 Wetlands of Angola: Locations, Biodiversity, and Conservation 137
Jasper Knight and Mauro Lourenco
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Methodology 138
7.3 Results 143
7.4 Discussion 151
7.5 Conclusions 155
References 155
8 Wetlands of Benin (West Africa): Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 161
Salako K. Valère, Dassou G. Hospice, Gnansounou S. Constant, Zanvo M. G. Serge, Akodékou A. David, and Glèlè Kakaï Romain
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 Methods 162
8.3 Results 164
8.4 Discussion 179
References 181
9 Wetlands of Burkina Faso: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 187
Kaboré Idrissa, Bancé Victor, Konaté Sidiki Roland, Sawadogo Yabyouré Marc-Florent, and Ouéda Adama
9.1 Introduction 187
9.2 Burkina Faso and Its Wetlands 188
9.3 Biodiversity in Wetlands of Burkina Faso 190
9.4 Wetland Goods and Services 198
9.5 Wetland Conservation Measures 199
9.6 Conclusion 200
References 201
10 Wetlands of Cameroon: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 207
Gordon N. Ajonina, Thomas E. Efole, Barthelemy Ndongo, and Minette Eyango Tomedi-Tabi
10.1 Introduction 207
10.2 Potentials of Wetlands Biodiversity 208
10.3 Wetland Species 213
10.4 Importance and Values of Wetlands for Livelihoods and Development in Cameroon 226
10.5 Threats to Wetlands Degradation and Loss in Cameroon 226
10.6 Overview of Evolving Strategies for Mainstreaming Wetlands Conservation and Wise Use into Livelihoods Development and Poverty Reduction Efforts in Cameroon 229
10.7 Conclusion 237
Acknowledgments 237
References 237
11 Wetlands of Ghana: Biodiversity, Community Livelihoods, and Conservation 241
Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu and Emmanuel Nii Attram Taye
11.1 Introduction 241
11.2 Types of Wetlands in Ghana 242
11.3 Biodiversity Richness of Ghanaian Wetlands 247
11.4 Wetland Resources and Community Livelihoods 251
11.5 Threats to Ghanaian Wetlands 252
11.6 Conservation Actions and Initiatives Taken by Ghana to Manage Its Wetlands 255
11.7 Conclusion 256
References 259
12 Biodiversity, Change, and Use of Moroccan Wetlands 265
Abdeslam Ennabili, Mohamed Libiad, Mohamed El Haissoufi, Abdelmajid Khabbach, and Nard Bennas
12.1 Introduction 265
12.2 Wetlands Biodiversity 267
12.3 Conservation Status 272
12.4 Wetland Services 273
12.5 Drivers of changes 275
12.6 Planning and Management 277
12.7 Concluding Remarks 280
References 280
13 Does Malawi Need a Wetland Policy to Achieve the Wise Use Principle of the Ramsar Convention? 297
Rodgers Makwinja, Solomon G. Tesfamichael, and Christopher J. Curtis
13.1 Introduction 297
13.2 Wetland Concepts and Definitions 298
13.3 Wetland's Benefits and Its Contribution to UN SDGs 301
13.4 Threats to Wetland Sustainability 302
13.5 Wetland Management Policy Dilemma 306
13.6 Wetland Management Options 308
13.7 Conclusion 309
References 310
14 Wetland Ecosystems in Nigeria: Ecological Significance, Carbon Sequestration Potential, and Conservation Challenges 317
Isa Olalekan Elegbede, Amira M. Hotaiba, Adebola Rashidat Adewale, Abdulwakil Olawale Saba, Shehu Akintola, Emily Osa Iduseri, Abdul Rahamon Olodo, and Kehinde Moyosola Ositimehin
14.1 Introduction 317
14.2 Wetlands in Nigeria 318
14.3 Case Study of Biodiversity of Wetlands in Northern and Southern Nigeria 320
14.4 Wetland of Nigeria in Relation to Blue Carbon and Sequestration 323
14.5 Wetlands and Their Ecosystem Services 325
14.6 Resilience of Wetland Ecosystems 327
14.7 Geospatial Assessment of Nigeria's Wetlands 328
14.8 Policy and Institutional Framework for Wetlands Protection in Nigeria 332
14.9 Conclusion 335
References 335
15 Wetlands of Senegal: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 341
Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Paterne Arnaud Bernard Mingou, Taïbou Ba, and Mathieu Gueye
15.1 Introduction 341
15.2 Wetland Types and Biodiversity 342
15.3 Livelihoods 360
15.4 Wetland Conservation 363
15.5 Conclusion 365
References 365
16 Wetlands of Zimbabwe: Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Conservation 371
Tatenda Musasa, Oshneck Mupepi, and Thomas Marambanyika
16.1 Introduction 371
16.2 Wetland Type and Distribution in Zimbabwe 373
16.3 Wetland Biodiversity 375
16.4 Nature of Livelihood Benefits Derived from Wetlands by Surrounding Communities 378
16.5 Initiatives to Promote Wetland Conservation and Human Livelihoods 384
16.6 Shortcomings and Enforcement Challenges of Wetland Protection and Conservation Approaches 386
16.7 Conclusion and Recommendations 387
References 388
17 Wetlands of Sudan: Types, Conservation, and Socioeconomics 393
Mohamed Elmekki Ali Elbadawi Hussien and Ibrahim Mohammed Hashim
17.1 Introduction 393
17.2 Wetlands of Sudan 393
17.3 Wetland Types 395
17.4 Biodiversity 401
17.5 Conservation Aspects 403
17.6 Socioecological Importance 406
References 408
18 Wetlands and Conservation: Exploring Biodiversity Dynamics, Economic Potentials, and Conservation Strategies in South Africa 411
Adeyemi Ojutalayo Adeeyo, Bramley Jemain Lemine, Tinyiko Rivers Nkuna, Titus A.M. Msagati, and Mercy Adewumi Alabi
18.1 Introduction 411
18.2 Wetlands of South Africa 413
18.3 Biodiversity of Wetlands 417
18.4 Livelihoods and Economic Contributions of Wetlands 420
18.5 Threats and Conservation of Wetlands in South Africa 423
18.6 Conservation of Wetlands 425
18.7 Management Strategies, National Policies, and Legislations Against Natural Threats 426
18.8 Future Enhancements 428
18.9 Conclusion 429
References 430
Index 437
