Preface
Acknowledgements
1. A Quick Guide to Multi-level Converging Lines of Evidence
Converging lines of Evidence
Multiple Levels of Explanation
The multi-level converging lines of evidence (MCL) framework.
Intentional Level
Algorithmic Level
Biological Level
Advantages of the framework
Putting the framework to work
Where to go from here
References
2. Historical and Philosophical Background of the MCL Framework
Convergence and Consistency
Converging Lines of Evidence
Schmitt & Pilcher's Multiple Lines of Evidence
Consistency across Multiple Levels
General Levels of Explanation
Tinbergen's four questions
Marr's Levels of Explanation
Prior Unification Frameworks
Unifying psychology
Unifying science
Summary of Historical Background
Philosophical Background and Issues
Truth and the Nature of Reality
Against Realism in Science
Supporting Realism
Consistency of Sciences
Modularity, Consciousness, and Free Will
Conclusion
Inciting scientific revolutions
References
3. Concerns, Digressions, and Extensions of the MCL Framework
Introduction
The Persistence of Inertia
The Parsimony versus Complexity Issue
The Difficulty of Interdisciplinarity
Do I really need evolution in this framework?
How Many Levels of explanation?
Intentional Level
Algorithmic Level
Biological Level
How many lines of evidence? and where?
Can This Framework Provide a Score?
How does this framework really lead to better hypotheses?
Improve traditional hypothesis testing
Move to Bayesian statistics
Move to multiple hypotheses
Does this framework make research more replicable?
Can this framework be manipulated?
Conclusion
References
4. Quick Illustrative Examples of the MCL Framework
Language
Learned Taste Aversion
Terror Management Theory
More Examples
Reasoning about Social Exchanges
Exploration versus exploitation in searching
Sex Differences in Wayfinding
Discussion
References
5. Rationality and Quantitative Reasoning, using the MCL Framework
Rationality
Two Visions of Rationality
Constrained Maximization and Dual Process Models
The Bayesian Reasoning Crucible (part 1)
Satisficing, Extended Adaptations Views, and Favored formats models
The Bayesian Reasoning Crucible (part 2)
Summary
The Intentional Level
Theoretical Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Phylogenetic Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
The Algorithmic Level
Psychological Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Developmental Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Cross-Cultural Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Ancestral Environments Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Medical Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
The Biological Level
Physiological Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Genetic Evidence on the nature of quantitative reasoning
Constrained maximization and dual process models
Extended adaptations and favored formats models
Summary
Conclusion
References
