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Produktbild: How to Use Multivariate Statistics in Descriptive Research

How to Use Multivariate Statistics in Descriptive Research Making the Invisible Visible

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

08.07.2026

Verlag

Wiley

Seitenzahl

208

Maße (L/B/H)

25.2/17.5/1.3 cm

Gewicht

468 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-394-36260-8

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

08.07.2026

Verlag

Wiley

Seitenzahl

208

Maße (L/B/H)

25.2/17.5/1.3 cm

Gewicht

468 g

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-394-36260-8

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: How to Use Multivariate Statistics in Descriptive Research
  • Preface xiii

    Acknowledgments xv

    Introduction 1

    Section One a New Perspective on Descriptive Research 5

    1 Reframing Your Perspectives 7

    Introduction 7

    Our Journey to Reframing 9

    Note About References 11

    Revealing the Opening Quote 12

    2 Descriptive Research 14

    Research Design 14

    Descriptive Research 15

    Revealing the Opening Quote 16

    3 Statistics 17

    Essential Concepts 17

    Multivariate vs Univariate 18

    Descriptive Statistics 20

    Other Statistics for Beating Up on Data 21

    Revealing the Opening Quote 24

    Section Two Procedures for Making the Invisible Visible 27

    4 Discriminant Analysis 33

    Introduction 33

    What Is Discriminant Analysis? 34

    Establishing Groups 35

    Hypotheses and Criteria for Evaluation 35

    Understanding the Output 36

    Assumptions and Related Methods 36

    Describing Groups with Discriminant Analysis 37

    The Role of the Structure Matrix 37

    The Role of Group Means 38

    An Example 38

    Conclusion 40

    5 Computing Discriminant Analysis 41

    Introduction 41

    SPSS Commands 41

    Menu Commands for Discriminant Analysis 41

    Syntax Commands for Discriminant Analysis 45

    R Coding 46

    R Code for Discriminant Analysis 47

    Stepwise Discriminant Analysis in R: A Cautionary Note 48

    Excel Procedures 48

    Using XLSTAT 48

    Manual Steps in Excel (Approximated) 49

    Revealing the Opening Quote 49

    6 Cluster Analysis 51

    Introduction 51

    Cluster Analysis 52

    Other Clustering Methods 54

    Interpreting the Clusters 55

    Describing with Cluster Analysis 55

    7 Computing Cluster Analysis 61

    SPSS Commands 61

    Menu Commands for Cluster Analysis 61

    Syntax Commands for Cluster Analysis 67

    Commands for Quick Cluster 68

    R Coding 68

    R Code for Cluster Analysis 68

    Customizing and Troubleshooting the Clustering and Frequency Codes in R 70

    Excel Procedures 72

    Excel's Capabilities for Cluster Analysis 72

    The Power of R: A Free, Open- Source Alternative 73

    Conclusion: Best of Both Worlds 74

    Revealing the Opening Quote 74

    8 Factor Analysis 75

    Introduction 75

    Introducing Factor Analysis 75

    Determining the Number of Factors 78

    Naming the Factors 81

    Conducting a Factor Analysis 83

    Step 1: Initiating the Analysis 84

    Step 2: Extracting Factors 85

    Step 3: Rotating the Factors 86

    Concluding Phase: The Grand Finale! 87

    Describing with Factor Analysis 88

    Conclusion 92

    9 Computing Factor Analysis 93

    SPSS Commands 93

    Menu Commands for Factor Analysis 93

    Syntax Commands for Factor Analysis 99

    R Coding 101

    R Code for Factor Analysis 101

    Adjusting Parameters 102

    Reading Data from Excel 102

    Excel Procedures 102

    Background 102

    Steps for Running Excel 103

    Limitations of Factor Analysis in Excel 106

    Summary 106

    Example of Excel Workflow 106

    Revealing the Opening Quote 106

    Section Three Multivariate Procedures in Action 109

    10 The Questionnaire 111

    Questionnaires 111

    Using Factor Analysis 112

    An Example 114

    Constructing the Questionnaire 114

    Applying Factor Analysis 114

    Excerpt: Factor Analysis 115

    Revealing the Opening Quote 123

    11 Building Synergy: Combining Factor, Cluster, and Discriminant Analysis in Descriptive Research 124

    Introduction 124

    Questionnaire Validation: Factor Analysis 125

    Wet vs Dry: Discriminant Analysis 128

    Excerpt: Discriminant Analysis 129

    Finding Natural Groups: Cluster Analysis 133

    Excerpt: Cluster Analysis 136

    Teaming the Procedures 139

    Excerpt: Cluster and Discriminant Analysis 140

    Revealing the Opening Quote 142

    12 Seeing with New Eyes: Integrating Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods to Enhance Descriptive Research 143

    Introduction 143

    Three Research Traditions: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods 143

    Quantitative Research: Measuring the Visible 143

    Qualitative Research: Illuminating the Invisible 144

    Mixed Methods Research: Bridging the Divide 144

    Complementarity: Making the Invisible Visible 145

    Combining Methods 145

    Learning Strategies 146

    Describing Learning Strategies 148

    Expanding the Integration 151

    Final Thought 155

    Revealing the Opening Quote 155

    Section Four Abstracts of Actual Studies 157

    13 Abstracts of Studies 159

    Introduction 159

    Implications for You 160

    Revealing the Opening Quote 160

    Learning Strategies in Tribal Colleges 162

    Abstract 162

    Comment 163

    Learning Strategies and Reflective Judgment 163

    Abstract 163

    Comment 164

    Learning Strategies in Canada 165

    Abstract 165

    Comment 166

    Learning- Disabled Adult Students 166

    Abstract 166

    Comment 167

    Sign Language Interpreters 167

    Abstract 168

    Comment 168

    Learning Strategies and Athletic Training 169

    Abstract 169

    Comment 170

    Rehabilitation Educators 170

    Abstract 171

    Comment 171

    Special Education Teacher Candidates 172

    Abstract 172

    Comment 172

    Clients at a One- Stop Career Center 173

    Abstract 173

    Comment 174

    Learning Strategies and Cultural Awareness 174

    Abstract 175

    Comment 176

    Comment on Quote for Chapter 176

    14 Take Action! 177

    Introduction 177

    Patterns in the Data 177

    How to Report Your Findings 178

    Your Challenge! 179

    Final Reflection 179

    References 181

    Index 187