Simulation, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Auslegung solar unterstützter Nahwärmesysteme mit Heißwasser-Wärmespeicher
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Sprache:Deutsch
Fr. 23.90
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Format
Kopierschutz
Nein
Family Sharing
Ja
Text-to-Speech
Nein
Erscheinungsdatum
10.11.2006
Verlag
Cuvillier Verlag eBooksSeitenzahl
180 (Printausgabe)
Dateigröße
3323 KB
Sprache
Deutsch
EAN
9783736920484
Abstract
Solar assisted district heating systems with a solar fraction of 35% based on the total heat demand enable to save a significant amount of fossil fuels. Compared to systems with solar fractions of 50% the investment costs are moderate because seasonal heat storage is not required. Literature research showed that no design guidelines for solar assisted district heating systems with ground buried or aboveground hot water heat stores and a solar fraction of 35% are available up to now. The aim of this work was the generation of such guidelines based on the results of extensive dynamic simulations. For the simulation of the thermal behaviour of typical solar assisted district heating nets two heat loads with yearly average supply pipe and return pipe temperatures of 68/41 °C and 60/30 °C (different temperature levels due to the system technology of generation of domestic hot water) were defined. For the simulation of the case 68/41 a TRNSYS model described in the literature was found to be suitable. For the case 60/30 a TRNSYS simulation model was created. Both models were validated with measured data from existing district heating nets. The XST model for the detailed calculation of the thermal behaviour of ground buried heat stores with TRNSYS was validated with measured data of the hot water heat store in Hanover (volume of 2 795 m³). In contrast to previous investigations the temperatures of the surrounding ground and the thermal behaviour of the connecting pipes between heating central and heat store were also taken into consideration. The deviation between measured and calculated temperatures is less than ±3%. The measured and calculated heat loads are also in good agreement (annual deviation less than 2%). The validated XST-model was integrated into a new TRNSYS model to calculate the thermal behaviour of the solar assisted district heating system in Hanover in 2002. The deviations between measured and calculated heat loads do not exceed 5%. Corresponding heat loads of the newly-created TRNSYS model for the simulation of the solar assisted district heating system with the aboveground hot water heat store in Gneis-Moos deviate less than ±3%. Two optimised reference models were defined based on the results of sensitivity analysis performed with the above solar assisted district heating system models. Subsequently, extensive simulation studies were carried out. The thermal behaviour of solar assisted district heating systems with a solar fraction of 35% was calculated for three different German climates (i. e. Hamburg, Frankfurt/Main, Würzburg), various district heating net temperatures and heat loads, different ratios of heat store volume to collector area and different ratios of collector area to heat load of the district heating net. As a result, solar heat costs of systems with ground buried heat store and heat duty type 60/30 (500 MWh/a) are 10% to 12% lower compared to heat duty type 68/41 depending on the location. For large systems (10 000 MWh/a) the difference is between 7% and 9%. The solar heat costs for systems in Frankfurt range from 27.0 €Ct./kWh (500 MWh/a, 68/41) to 13.6 €Ct./kWh (10 000 MWh/a, 68/41). For systems in Würzburg the costs are from 10% to 14% lower, for systems in Hamburg up to 5% higher. Cost reductions of about 13% are possible for systems with a heat load of 500 MWh/a by accepting stagnation times of up to 100 hours compared to the reference system without stagnation. The simulation study with the TRNSYS model for systems with aboveground heat store resulted in solar heat costs of 22.8 €Ct./kWh (500 MWh/a, 68/41) for Frankfurt systems and stagnation times of up to 100 h. Based on the results of the simulation studies carried out with both TRNSYS system models, design guidelines have been worked out. These guidelines take into consideration the location, and the heat load and temperature level of the district heating net for systems with ground buried and aboveground heat stores. The results of the sensitivity analysis allow simple evaluation of the influence of a deviation from the reference boundary conditions on the solar fraction. The results of this work allow for the first time designing energy and cost-efficient solar assisted district heating systems with a solar fraction of 35% without complex and costly dynamic simulations over a wide range of parametrics.
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