It Did Happen Here The Rise of Fascism in Contemporary Society

List of Tables and Figures

Introduction

1 What Happened? Essential Elements of Fascism
1 Extreme Conservatism
1.1 Fascism as Conservative Totalitarianism

1.2 Fascism as the Destination of Conservatism

2 Extreme Anti-liberalism
2.1 Fascism, Conservatism, and Liberalism

2.2 Fascism versus Liberalism

3 Extreme Anti-democracy

4 Extreme Anti-secularism

5 Extreme Irrationalism, Anti-rationalism, and Anti-progressivism

6 Extreme Anti-egalitarianism, Anti-universalism, and Anti-cosmopolitanism

7 Absolute Rule, Unconstrained Power, and All-Encompassing Domination

8 Extreme Repression, Violence, and Terror

9 Extreme Militarism, Offensive War, and Conquest

10 Aggregate of Extreme Authoritarians Agents

2 How Did It Happen? Syndromes of Fascism
1 It Happens Here and Now: Fascism’s Return

2 Syndrome 1: Fascism as Extreme Conservatism and Conservatism as Latent Fascism

3 Syndrome 2: Fascism as Extreme Anti-liberalism

4 Syndrome 3: Fascism as Extreme Anti-democracy

5 Syndrome 4: Fascism as Extreme Anti-secularism

6 Syndrome 5: Fascism as Extreme Irrationalism, Anti-rationalism, and Anti-progressivism

7 Syndrome 6: Fascism as Extreme Anti-egalitarianism, Anti-universalism, and Anti-cosmopolitanism

8 Syndrome 7: Fascism as Absolute Rule, Unconstrained Power, and All-Encompassing Domination

9 Syndrome 8: Fascism as Extreme Repression, Violence, and Terror

10 Syndrome 9: Fascism as Extreme Militarism, War, and Conquest

11 Syndrome 10: Fascism as an Aggregate of Extreme Authoritarian Agents

3 Why Did it Happen? Social Causes of Fascism
1 Societal Causation of Fascism

2 Conservatism as the Cause of Fascism

3 Capitalism as the Cause of Fascism

4 Religion as the Cause of Fascism

5 Theocracy as the Cause of Fascism

4 What Does Oppose It? Countervailing Social Forces to Fascism
1 Counter-Fascist Social Forces

2 Liberalism versus Fascism

3 Democracy versus Fascism

4 Secularism versus Fascism

5 Rationalism and Progressivism versus Fascism

6 Egalitarianism, Universalism, and Cosmopolitanism versus Fascism

7 Pacifism versus Fascism

8 Liberal Actors versus Fascism in America

5 Index of Fascism
1 A Composite Index of Fascism

2 Indicators and Proxies of Fascism or Right-Wing Authoritarianism
2.1 Political Indicators and Proxies

2.2 Cultural Indicators and Proxies

2.3 Economic Indicators and Proxies

2.4 Civil-Society Indicators and Proxies

2.5 Summary
2.5.1 Political Indicators

2.5.2 Cultural Indicators

2.5.3 Economic Indicators

2.5.4 Civil-Society Indicators

3 Indexes of Fascism or Right-Wing Authoritarianism for oecd Countries